Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are the two types of glucose and what is the difference
Alpha and beta glucose
Alpha oh pointing down
Beta switched
What is a condensation reaction and what happens when glucose is joined by this
When two molecules join together with the formation of a new chemical bond and water molecule is released
Glycosidic bond formed
Glucose + fructose in a condensation reaction =
Sucrose and water
Glucose and galactose=
Lactose
What reaction breaks polymers apart explain how this works
Hydrolysis reactions
Breaks glycosidic bond by adding water
What is the test for reducing sugars and what are the reducing sugars
All monosaccharides (glucose) and some disaccharides (maltose and lactose)
Add Benedicts
Heat it in water bath that’s been brought to boil
Positive blue to brick read
What is the test for non reducing sugars? What are they?
Sucrose First break down into monosaccharides Add dilute hydrochloric acid Heat in water bath Add sodium hydrogen carbonate Blue to brick red
What is starch made of
Alpha glucose- amylose and amylopectin
Amylose long unbranded coiled compact v good for storage
Amylopectin branched energy released quickly
Why doesn’t startch enter cells by osmosis
Insoluble so good for storage
What is the test for start
Iodine dissolved in potassium iodide solution browny-orange to blue-black
Why is glycogen a good energy storage material in animals
Alpha glucose
Lots of branches
Glucose released quickly
Compact so good for storage
Why is cellulose a major component of cell walls in plants?
Long unbranched chains of beta glucose
Cellulose chains linked together by hydrogen bonds to make strong fibres called microfibrils
Strong so provides structural support
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate
Glucose
