Carbohydrates

Question 1

How much energy does 1g of carbohydrate provide?

Answer 1

3.75 kcal

Question 2

How much of our energy should we get from carbohydrates?

Answer 2

50%

Question 3

How is starch formed?

Answer 3

When 1000s of glucose units join together into a big molecule.

Question 4

How is starch released?

Answer 4

Slowly.

Question 5

What are 5 sources of starch?

Answer 5

Potatoes, bread, rice, pasta, breakfast cereals, pulses.

Question 6

How big is a sugar molecule?

Answer 6

Small

Question 7

How is sugar released?

Answer 7

Quickly.

Question 8

What are 5 sources of sugar?

Answer 8

Ice cream, fruit, cakes, chocolate, fruit juice, fizzy drinks.

Question 9

What is NSP?

Answer 9

Non-starch polysaccharide.

Question 10

How many grams of NSP should an adult have a day?

Answer 10

18g.

Question 11

What are the 2 types of NSP?

Answer 11

Insoluble & soluble

Question 12

What does insoluble NSP do?

Answer 12

Acts like a sponge. Adds bulk to the faeces. Makes it soft & easily removed.

Question 13

What does insoluble NSP reduce the risk of?

Answer 13

Constipation, diverticular disease & bowel cancer.

Question 14

What are the sources of insoluble NSP?

Answer 14

Jacket potatoes, fruit & vegetable skins, wholegrain/wholemeal items.

Question 15

What does soluble NSP do?

Answer 15

Dissolves in water. Reduces cholesterol & blood sugar levels.

Question 16

What does soluble NSP reduce the risk of? What does it help manage?

Answer 16

CHD & stroke. Diabetes.

Question 17

What is constipation? What symptoms accompany it?

Answer 17

Hard faeces. Difficult to pass. Abdominal discomfort & ill health.

Question 18

What is diverticular disease?

Answer 18

Small & hard faeces. Intestinal walls work harder to pass. Pouches of bowel lining forced out through intestinal walls.

Question 19

What is the tooth decay word equation?

Answer 19

Sugar + Bacteria -> Acid -> Enamel Erosion

(Plaque)

Question 20

What are the symptoms of a deficiency of carbohydrates?

Answer 20

Lack of energy, lethargy & weight loss.

Question 21

Why should toddlers & young children not get 18g NSP per day?

Answer 21

Causes diarrhoea, less time to absorb nutrients. Fills child up, can’t eat any more so gets a lack of nutrients.

Question 22

What are the 2 types of carbohydrates that provide energy?

Answer 22

Starch & sugar