Ages And Stages Flashcards
What is pregnancy divided into?
When do nutrient demands increase most? Why?
How many extra calories should a pregnant woman eat?
Three three month periods (trimesters)
Third trimester
Final growth + development of foetus.
200
What supplement should pregnant women take?
How much and for how long?
Folic acid
400mcg per day. 3 months before conception and for first trimester
What foods should pregnant women avoid in terms of listeria?
What is the risk with listeria?
Mould ripened cheese (Camembert + Brie) Unpasteurised cheese (Stilton) Pâté Pre-packed salads Cook chill meals Miscarriage/stillbirth
What foods should pregnant women avoid in terms of salmonella?
What is the risk with salmonella?
Raw + lightly cooked eggs
Foods containing them (Mayo)
Food poisoning
What foods should pregnant women avoid in terms of toxoplasmosis?
What is the risk with toxoplasmosis?
Raw + partly cooked meat
Unpasteurised meat
Unwashed fruit + vegetables
Flu-like symptoms in mother + damages nervous system and eyes of foetus
What foods should pregnant women avoid in terms of vitamin A?
What is the risk with excess vitamin A?
Liver
Products made from liver (Pâté)
Toxic, causes birth defects.
What should pregnant women limit their intake of in terms of fish?
2 portions a week (one oily)
Restrict those that contain mercury (swordfish + tuna)
Affects nervous system of foetus.
What should pregnant women restrict in terms of caffeine?
Affects nutrient absorption.
No more than 300mcg caffeine per day
4 cups coffee, 6 cups tea or 8 cans coke.
What should pregnant women restrict in terms of alcohol?
No more than 1 or 2 units of alcohol once or twice a week.
1 unit = small glass of wine, half pint of beer, 1 single measure of spirits.
Excess = lower birth weight + miscarriage.
What is lactation?
What happens in terms of nutrients?
Which nutrients should she increase?
Extra portion of ___?
When a new mother produces milk for breastfeeding.
Nutrient + energy demands increase.
Protein, calcium, vitamin D + fluid.
Dairy
What age is babies + toddlers? What age is childhood? What age is adolescence? What age is adulthood? What age is older adults?
0 - 3 years 4 - 11 years 12 - 18 years 19 - 64 years 65+ years
When should babies be breastfed until?
What benefits does breastfeeding include?
6 months
Antibodies to boost immune system + fight infection
Supply of essential fatty acids - assist brain development
Reduce likelihood of eczema, nappy rash, weight gain + constipation
Increase protection against food-borne illness
What is weaning?
When should it happen?
When a mixed diet of liquid and solid foods is introduced
After 6 months
How can you battle faddy eaters?
What is it associated with?
Regular snacking + fluids, good eating behaviour modelled by parents, creative + fun food to stimulate interest (pasta shapes)
Growing up, asserting independence + seeking attention
How should babies be weaned (what foods)
What about after? (What foods)
What can be introduced at 12 months?
What should you not add to their food?
Puréed, diluted food (baby rice - rice + milk + stewed fruit)
Harder foods (rusks + bread crusts)
Whole cows milk (more vitamin A + energy)
Salt
