Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the primary function of complex carbohydrates?
To for structural molecules dug as cell walls and as energy storage molecules ex. Starch, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen
What is the primary function of simple carbohydrates?
To be a source of energy for cellular respiration.
How to carbohydrates react in water?
They begin hydrophilic but the larger they become the more hydrophobic.
How are monosaccharides bonded?
Polar covalent lay since the hydroxyl groups give them a high En difference.
Explain how carbohydrates move within the body.
They easily move into a cell and dissolve in cytoplasm. They can be transported by body fluids.
Why are carbohydrates the first to get burned in cellular respiration?
Because they are so soluble.
What is an isomer
Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
The isomers of glucose can also be called what?
Hexoses
How are monosaccharides chemically bonded together to form disaccharides?
Through a condensation reaction or a dehydration synthesis reaction.
What is a 2 to 10 long monosaccharide chain called
An oligosaccharide
What is a chain of more than 10 monosaccharides called?
A polysaccharide
What do oligosaccharides and polysaccharides do within the body?
Trap water to help move waste through digestive tract.
Explain the makeup of amylose
Linear with 200-2000 glucose units in a helix. Forms a colloidal dispersion in hot water.
Explain the makeup of amylopectin
Has short side chains of 30 glucose units attached with 1-6 linkages every 20-30 units along the chain. Contains up to 2 000 000 glucose units. Insoluble.
Explain the makeup of starch
Mix of 10-20% amylose and 80-90% amylopectin
Explain the makeup of glycogen
Same as amylopectin but with shorter branches (13 units) and more frequent. Glucose chains branch off two protein molecules called glycogenin
Explain glycogens role in the body
Main form of stores carbs in the body. Holds glucose for when the body is starved. When glucose can’t be stored as glycogen it becomes fat. 10% of the livers weight is glycogen.
Explain the makeup of cellulose
Linear Alternating glucose and ca lactose molecules. No side chains everything is close together provides structure for plants.
Explain the makeup of chitin
Same as cellulose. OH group on C2 is replaced with NH-CO-CH3. Found in cuticles of Arthropods and fungi.
Explain the makeup if inulin
Linear fructose with ending glucose molecules.
Sweetness is measure by what
Brix measurement
