Carbohydrates

Question 0

What is the primary function of complex carbohydrates?

Answer 0

To for structural molecules dug as cell walls and as energy storage molecules ex. Starch, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen

Question 1

What is the primary function of simple carbohydrates?

Answer 1

To be a source of energy for cellular respiration.

Question 2

How to carbohydrates react in water?

Answer 2

They begin hydrophilic but the larger they become the more hydrophobic.

Question 3

How are monosaccharides bonded?

Answer 3

Polar covalent lay since the hydroxyl groups give them a high En difference.

Question 4

Explain how carbohydrates move within the body.

Answer 4

They easily move into a cell and dissolve in cytoplasm. They can be transported by body fluids.

Question 5

Why are carbohydrates the first to get burned in cellular respiration?

Answer 5

Because they are so soluble.

Question 6

What is an isomer

Answer 6

Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

Question 7

The isomers of glucose can also be called what?

Answer 7

Hexoses

Question 8

How are monosaccharides chemically bonded together to form disaccharides?

Answer 8

Through a condensation reaction or a dehydration synthesis reaction.

Question 9

What is a 2 to 10 long monosaccharide chain called

Answer 9

An oligosaccharide

Question 10

What is a chain of more than 10 monosaccharides called?

Answer 10

A polysaccharide

Question 11

What do oligosaccharides and polysaccharides do within the body?

Answer 11

Trap water to help move waste through digestive tract.

Question 12

Explain the makeup of amylose

Answer 12

Linear with 200-2000 glucose units in a helix. Forms a colloidal dispersion in hot water.

Question 13

Explain the makeup of amylopectin

Answer 13

Has short side chains of 30 glucose units attached with 1-6 linkages every 20-30 units along the chain. Contains up to 2 000 000 glucose units. Insoluble.

Question 14

Explain the makeup of starch

Answer 14

Mix of 10-20% amylose and 80-90% amylopectin

Question 15

Explain the makeup of glycogen

Answer 15

Same as amylopectin but with shorter branches (13 units) and more frequent. Glucose chains branch off two protein molecules called glycogenin

Question 16

Explain glycogens role in the body

Answer 16

Main form of stores carbs in the body. Holds glucose for when the body is starved. When glucose can’t be stored as glycogen it becomes fat. 10% of the livers weight is glycogen.

Question 17

Explain the makeup of cellulose

Answer 17

Linear Alternating glucose and ca lactose molecules. No side chains everything is close together provides structure for plants.

Question 18

Explain the makeup of chitin

Answer 18

Same as cellulose. OH group on C2 is replaced with NH-CO-CH3. Found in cuticles of Arthropods and fungi.

Question 19

Explain the makeup if inulin

Answer 19

Linear fructose with ending glucose molecules.

Question 20

Sweetness is measure by what

Answer 20

Brix measurement