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BIOCHEM ✨ > Carbohydrate metabolism- GLYCOLYSIS > Flashcards

Carbohydrate metabolism- GLYCOLYSIS Flashcards

0
Q

Product of Oxidation via glycolysis

A

Pyruvate

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1
Q

Storage glucose

A

Glycogen, starch, sucrose

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2
Q

Product of oxidation via pentose phosphate pathway

A

Ribose 5-phosphate

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3
Q

Where synthesis of structural polymers occur

A

Extracellular matrix and cell wall

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4
Q

Other term for Glycolysis

A

Embden Meyerhof Pathway

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5
Q

Where glycolysis occurs

A

Cytosol

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6
Q

It is a catabolic pathway consisting of 10 steps

A

Glycolysis

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7
Q

Products of glycolysis

A

2 ATP
2 NADH
2 Pyruvate

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8
Q

2 phases of glycolysis

A

Preparatory phase

Pay off phase

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9
Q

Phase where ATP is invested, expended or used

A

Preparatory phase

Steps 1-5

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10
Q

Phase where ATP is synthesized

Step 6-10

A

Payoff phase

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11
Q

2 types of glycolysis

A

Aerobic

Anaerobic

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12
Q

Step 1:

Enzyme:

A

Phosphorylation of Glucose

Hexokinase & Glucokinase

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13
Q

Addition of phosphate group wc requires energy/ATP

A

Phosphorylation

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14
Q

Glucose cannot undergo glycolysis directly

A

Phosphorylation

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15
Q

2 enzymes used to add phosphate group

A

Hexokinase

Glucokinase

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16
Q

Enzyme that is

  • inhibited by its product
  • Has higher affinity to glucose
  • small km
  • used in skeletal muscles or other organs.
A

Hexokinase

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17
Q

Enzyme that is active only after meals

A

Glucokinase

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18
Q

Enzyme that is

- not inhibited by its product

A

Glucokinase

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19
Q

Enzyme if glycolysis occurs in muscle cells and other organs

A

Hexokinase

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20
Q

Enzyme used if glycolysis occurs in LIVER

A

Glucokinase

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21
Q

Step 2:

Enzyme:

A

Conversion of Glucose 6-phosphate to Fructose 6-phosphate via PHOSPHOHEXOSE ISOMERASE

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22
Q

Step that converts pyran to furan

A

Step 2

Conversion of glucose 6 phosphate to Fructose 6 phosphate

23
Q

Step: Isomerization or rearrangement of func group

A

Step 2

Conversion of glu 6 p > fruc 6 phosphate

24
Q

Step 3:

Enzyme:

A

Phosphorylation of fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6-biphosphate via PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE 1 (PFK-1)

25
Q

Repel negative charger of phosphate group?

Present in steps?

A

Magnesium

Step 2 & 3

26
Q

Major regulatory enzyme

27
Q

Committed step of glycolysis

A

Step 3

Phosphorylation of Fru 6 p > Fru 1,6-biphosphate

28
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes the committed step which will be the signal that glycolysis will push through no matter what happens

29
Q

Step 4:

Enzyme:

A

Cleavage of Fructose 1,6 biphosphate by ALDOLASE

30
Q

Breaking of 6C of fruc 1,6 biphosphate to 3C

A

Step 4: cleavage of fruc 1,6 biphosphate

31
Q

Trioses cleaved in step 4

A

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

32
Q

Type of Aldolase in humans & animals

33
Q

Type of aldolase in bacteria or fungi

34
Q

Step 5:

Enzyme:

A

Interconversion of triose phosphates

Via TRIOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE

35
Q

Triose that is not allowed to enter payoff phase

A

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

36
Q

How many glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate formed?

What steps?

A

2

Step 4 & 5

37
Q

Step 6:

Enzyme:

A

Oxidation of Glyceraldehyde 3-phoshate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate by GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE

38
Q

Step accompanied by NAD ➡️ NADH

A

Step 6

Oxidation of gly 3 p ➡️ 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate

39
Q

Forming this will ensure formation of Atp because it has the ability to carry electron (3)

40
Q

2 high energy compounds

A

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

1,3 bisphosphoglycerate

41
Q

Step 7:

Enzyme:

A

Phosphoryl transfer from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP via PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE

42
Q

Form of ATP synthesis in Step 7

A

Substrate level of phosphorylation

43
Q

High energy phosphate
Negative free energy / exergonic
- has the ability to transfer its phosphoryl group to ADP

A

1,3 bisphosphoglycerate

44
Q

ADP + phosphoryl group =

45
Q

Step 8:

Enzyme:

A

Conversion of 3 phosphoglycerate to 2 phosphoglycerate via PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE

46
Q

Step 9:

Enzyme:

A

Dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate via ENOLASE

47
Q

2 high energy phosphate which can donate ADP

A

1,3 bisphosphoglycerate

Phosphoenolpyruvate

48
Q

Step 10:

Enzyme:

A

Transfer of phosphoryl group via PYRUVATE KINASE

49
Q

2 enzymes that catalyzes substrate level of phosphorylation in the payoff phase

A

Step 7 & 10
Enzyme 7: phosphoglycerate kinase
Enzyme 10: pyruvate kinase

50
Q

3 irreversible steps in Glycolysis

A

Step 1,3,10

  • hexokinase
  • phosphofructokinase-1
  • pyruvate kinase
51
Q

End product of glycolysis:

52
Q

2 mol of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate formed in steps

53
Q

Preparatory phase
Input of:
Output of:

A

Input of 1 glucose, 2 ATP

Output of 2 glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

54
Q

Payoff phase
Input of
Output of

A

Input of 1 GA 3-P

Output of 3 ATP & 1 NADH

BIOCHEM ✨ (12 decks)

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