Cap 16 Visibility

Question 1

VMC FOR VFR FLIGHT?

Answer 1

MORE THAN 5KM BELOW 10000FT
AND MORE THAN 8KM ABOWE 10000FT
FOR CLASS B,C,D,E,F,G 1.5KM HORIZONTALLY AND 1000FT VERTICALLY FROM CLOUDS
AND IN CLASS F,G BELOW 3000FT VISIBILITY MORE THAN 5KM AND CLEAR OF CLOUD.AND 1000FT VERTICAL SEPARATION FROM OBSTACLES

Question 2

CAUSE OF LOW VISIBILITY?

Answer 2

>GLARE
>CONTAMINED WINDSCREEN
>SCRATCHED WINDSCREEN
>UV DAMAGED  WINDSCREEN
———
>WATER DROPLETS
>ICE
>SMOKE
>CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS
>VOLCANIC ASH

Question 3

THE VISIBILITY IS BETWEEN 1000m and 5000m for which type of conditions?

Answer 3

MIST,
HAZE,
SMOKE,
WIDESPREAD DUST,
SAND

Question 4

THE VISIBILITY IS LESS THAN 1000m for which atmospheric conditions?

Answer 4

FOG

Question 5

TYPES OF FOG?

Answer 5

RADIATION FOG» light winds 2/8 kts,clear sky,long nights,high hmidity,high pressure sys or col over land

ADVECTION FOG»warm moist air moving over cold surface ,light wind needed 10/15kts

EVAPORATION /STEAM FOG»cold air moving above warm moist water surface (as soon evaporates it condenses back >fog)

FRONTAL FOG»the cold precipitation falling from the clouds condenses at the ground and makes fog

HILL UP SLOPE FOG»parcel of air rises at dalr and then salr upwind ,then it cooles at salr downwind

Question 6

Freezing fOG?

Answer 6

FOG AT TEMP BELOW FREEZING

REMAINS IN SUPERCOOLED WATERDROPLETS,THEY FREEZE IMPACTING THE GROUND

Question 7

ICE FOG?

Answer 7

MADE OF ICE CRYSTAL ,ITS LIKE A CIRRUS ON THE GROUND

TEMP -35 DIAMOND DUST

Question 8

HAZE?

Answer 8

SUSPENSION OF DRY PARTICLES

Question 9

SMOKE?

Answer 9

SUSPENSION OF SMALL PARTICLES PRODUCED BY COMBUSTION

Question 10

DUST HAZE?

Answer 10

SUSPENSION OF DUST OR SMALL SAND PARTICLES

Question 11

HAZE visibilty?

Answer 11

LESS THAN 5000m visibilty

Question 12

Sand (SS) or dust storm(DS) ?

Answer 12

Require strong wind
Up to 15000ft duststorm but sand storm only few hundred feet.
Heavy dust storm> VISIBILTY LESS THAN 200m
Moderate dust storm» 200/600m

Question 13

When RVR is reported?

Answer 13

When prevalining visibility or RVR reduces below 1500m
P>>stands for “greater than”
U>>upward improvements in 10min
D>>downward  
N>>neutral

Question 14

Vertical visibility (VV)?

Answer 14

Reported in feet

Commonlu used in fog

Question 15

Fog types

Answer 15

~Radiation FG: over land, clear skies, light
wind, high humidity
~Advection FG: warm air mass blown over
cool surface, high humidity
~Frontal FG: ahead of warm front, cool air
saturated due Ns rainfall
~Arctic Sea Smoke: High latitudes, Cold air
over warmer water
~Ice Fog: High latitudes, temp below -35C
sublimation
~Freezing Fog: Supercooled
droplets, rime ice