Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A - USMLE Step 1 Pharm > Cancer Chemotherapy - Pharmacology > Flashcards

Cancer Chemotherapy - Pharmacology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Major Classes of Chemotherapy Drugs (4)

A

1) Alkylating Agents
2) Anti-metabolites
3) Anti-tumor Antibiotics
4) Natural Product Drugs (Including Microtubule Inhibitors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CCS vs. CCNS

A

Cell Cycle Specific vs. Cell-Cycle Non-specific - Does it knock out a specific phase of the cell cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Major Cell Cycle Stages (4) + Drugs Acting At Each Stage

A

1) G1 - Alkylating Agents - But they are CCNS
2) S - Antimetabolites
3) G2 - Bleomycin
4) Mitosis - Microtubule Inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anti-Metabolites - Names (6)

A

1) Azathioprine
2) 6-MP - 6 mercaptopurine
3) Cladribine (2-CDA)
4) Cytarabine
5) 5-FU - 5-Fluorouracil
6) Methotraxate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alkylating Agents (5)

A

1) Cyclophosphamide
2) Busulfan
3) Nitrosoureas
4) Cisplatin
5) Carboplatin

4-5 Are Platinum Analogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Antitumor Antibiotics (3)

A

1) Bleomycin
2) Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D)
3) Doxorubicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cyclophosphamide - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS
Mechanism - Cross-Links DNA at N7 (Prevents Replication)
Toxicity - Hemorrhagic Cystitis - Give Mensa Concurrently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Busulfan - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use (2) + Toxicity (2)

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS
Mechanism - Cross Links DNA (Prevents Replication)
Key Use - CML +

CLASS ONLY USE = Gutathione-Transferase Deficiency

Toxicity - Pulmonary Fibrosis + Myelosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nitrosoureas - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS

E.g. Carmustine

Mechanism - Cross Link DNA (Prevents Replication) - Crosses Blood Brain Barrier
Key Use - Brain Tumors (GBM)
Toxicity - CNS Toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Carmustine - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS - Nitrosoureas
Mechanism - Cross Link DNA (Prevents Replication) - Crosses Blood Brain Barrier
Key Use - Brain Tumors (GBM)
Toxicity - CNS Toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Procarbazine - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity

CLASS ONLY

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS - Nonclassic
Mechanism - Inhibits DNA synthesis + inhibit MAO
Toxicity - High Risk of Secondary Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cisplatin - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS
Mechanism - Cross-Links DNA (Prevents Replication)
Toxicity - Nephrotocity + Ototoxicity (C for Ears)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Carboplatin - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity

CLASS ONLY

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS
Mechanism - Cross-Links DNA (Prevents Replication)
Toxicity - Myelosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oxaliplatin - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity

CLASS ONLY

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS
Mechanism - Cross-Links DNA (Prevents Replication)
Toxicity - Neurotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Methotrexate - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Antimetabolite - CCS - S Phase
Mechanism - Folic Acid Analog - Inhibits Dihydrofolate reductase which inhibits dTMP and DNA Synthesis
Toxicity - Myelosuppression - Reversed with Leucovorin + Mucositis (mouth ulcers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

5-Fluorouracil - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Antimetabolite - CCS - S Phase
Mechanism - Pyrimidine Analog - Inhibits thmidylate Synthase
Toxicity - Non-Reversible Myelosuppresion -

CLASS ONLY - Metabolized by Dihydropyridine DH (Deficiency leads to massive toxicity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Capecitabine - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity

CLASS ONLY

A

CCS/CCNS - Antimetabolite - CCS - S Phase
Mechanism - Thmidine Phosphophylate converts it to 5-FU
Toxicity - Hand and Foot Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cytosine Arabinoside - CCS/CCNS + Toxicity

CLASS ONLY

A

CCS/CCNS - Antimetabolite - CCS - S Phase

Toxicity - Neurototxicty

19
Q

Gemcitabine - CCS/CCNS +Toxicity

CLASS ONLY

A

CCS/CCNS - Antimetabolite - CCS - S Phase

Toxicity - Thromboyctopenia + Hemolytic Uermic Syndrome (Rare)

20
Q

6-Meracaptopurine (6-MP) - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity + Increases to Toxicity (2)

A

CCS/CCNS - Antimetabolite - CCS - S Phase
Mechanism - Purine Analog - Requires HGPRT Activation
Toxicity - Myelosuppression

Key Increases to Toxicity - Allopurinol (Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor) + Thiopurine Methyl Transferase Defeciency

21
Q

Leucovorin - Class + Use

A

Used to rescue after methotraxate induced myelosuppression (no help for 5-FU)

22
Q

Cladribine - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Antimetabolite - CCS - S Phase
Mechanism - Adenine Analog
Key Use - Hairy Cell Leukemia
Toxicity - Immunsuppression of CD4 and CD8 T-Cells o

23
Q

Vincristine - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Microtubule Destabilizer - M-Phase
Mechanism - Inhibits Microtuble Polymerization
Key Use - Solid Tumors + Lymphoma
Toxicity - Peripherial Neuropathy + Potenet Vesicant + Intrathecal Administration = Lethal

24
Q

Vinblastine - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Microtubule Destabilizer - M-Phase
Mechanism - Inhibits Microtuble Polymerization
Key Use - Solid Tumors + Lymphoma
Toxicity - Peripherial Neuropathy + Potenet Vesicant + Intrathecal Administration = Lethal

25
Q

Paclitaxel - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Microtubule Stablizing - M-Phase
Mechanism - Hyperstablize the Microtubles so the spindle can’t break down (no anaphase)
Key Use - Breast Cancer
Toxicity - Hypersensitivity Neurotoxicity

26
Q

Abraxene - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Microtubule Stablizing - M-Phase
Mechanism - Hyperstablize the Microtubles so the spindle can’t break down (no anaphase) - Paclitaxel with albumin added
Key Use - Breast Cancer
Toxicity - NO Hypersensitivity Neurotoxicity

27
Q

Etoposide - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Top 2 Inhibit - CCS - G2
Mechanism - Inhibits Topoisomerase 2 - Results in Double Strand DNA Breaks
Key Use - Small Cell Cancer
Toxicity - Myelosuppression

28
Q

Topotecan - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Top 1 Inhibit - CCS - S to G2
Mechanism - Inhibits topoisomerase 1 preventing DNA unwinding and replication
Key Use - Ovarian and Small Cell Cancer
Toxicity - Bone Marrow Suppression

29
Q

Irinotecan - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Top 1 Inhibit - CCS - S to G2
Mechanism - Inhibits topoisomerase 1 preventing DNA unwinding and replication
Key Use - Colon Cancer
Toxicity - Diarrhea, and Myelosuppression

30
Q

Doxorubicin - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Anti-tumor Antibiotic
Mechanism - Generates Free Radicals + Intercalates DNA leading to breaks
Key Use - Widely used + IV Administration
Toxicity - Cardiotoxicity (Dilated Cardiomyopathy) + Prevented by Dexrazoxane

31
Q
  • CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
A

CCS/CCNS - Anti-tumor Antibiotic
Mechanism - Generates Free Radicals + Intercalates DNA leading to breaks
Key Use - Not for Solid Tumors
Toxicity - Myelosuppression

32
Q

Bleomycin - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Anti-Tumor Antibiotic - CCS for G2
Mechanism - Free Radical Production
Key Use - Hodgkin Lymphoma
Toxicity - Pulmonary Fibrosis

33
Q

Mitomycin - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Anti Tumor Antibiotic
Mechanism - DNA X Linker via reduction
Key Use - Anal Cancer
Toxicity - Hemolytic Uremia

34
Q

Cheomtoxicity Man - FA Page 413 - Midsection Up (4) + Midsection Down (5)

A

1) Ears (C) = Cisplatin + Carboplatin = Ototoxic
2) Lungs (Bs) = Bleomycin + Busulfan = Pulmonary Fibrosis
3) Heart (D with a T Inside) - Doxorubicin + Trastuzumab = Cardiotoxic

1) C for Kidneys - Cisplatin + Carboplatin = Nephrotoxic
2) Downward C for Lady Parts - Cyclophosphamide = Hemorrhagic Cysitis
3) 5-6-M (Legs) = 5-FU + 6-MP + Methotraxate = Myelosuppression

35
Q

Dexrazoxane - Class + Use

A

Class - Iron Chelating Agent

Use - Given with Doxorubicin to prevent cardiotoxicity

36
Q

Drugs ending in “ib” vs. “mab”

A 
Ib = Small Molecule Inhibitor
mab = Monoclonal Antibody
37
Q

A-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) - Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

Mechanism - Activates RAR Receptor allowing pro-myelocytes to develop
Key Use - PML
Toxicity - Can cause DIC and ATRA Syndrome

38
Q

Imatinib - Mechanism + Key Use (2) + Toxicity + Resistance (1)

A

Gleevec

Mechanism - Inhibits Bcr-Able Tyrosine Kinase in the 9:22 Philadelphia Translocation of CML
Key Use - CML + GI Stromal Tumors
Toxicity - Fluid Retention

Resistance - Class Only - T3151 Mutation leads to resistance

39
Q

Trastuzumab - Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

Herceptin

Mechanism - Monoclonal Antibody against EGFR Receptor
Key Use - HER2+ Breast and GI Cancer
Toxicity - Cardiotoxicity = Left Ventricle Function Decline

40
Q

Erlotinib - Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity (2)

A

Mechanism - EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Key Use - Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Toxicity - Rash (Worse Rash = Drug Working Better) + CYP3A4 Metabolism

41
Q

Bevacizumab - Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity (3)

A

Mechanism - Monoclonal Antibody against VEGF - Prevents Tumor Angiogenesis
Key Use - Solid Tumors (E.g. Colorectal)
Toxicity - Hemorrhage, blood clots, impaired wound healing

42
Q

Vemurafenib - Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

Mechanism - Inhibits mutant BRAF (key melanoma mutation)
Key Use - Metastatic Melanoma
Toxicity - Causes Squamous Cell Carcinoma

43
Q

Rituximab - Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

Mechanism - Monoclonal Antibody for CD20 - B-Cell Marker
Key Use - Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Toxicity - Infusion Reaction

44
Q

Tamoxifen - Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

Mechanism - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator - Blocking binding of estrogen to ER Cells
Key Use - Breast cancer treatment and prevention in pre-menopausal women
Toxicity - High risk of thromboembolism + endometrial cancer

A - USMLE Step 1 Pharm (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions