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A - USMLE Step 1 Pharm > Cancer Chemotherapy - Pharmacology > Flashcards

Cancer Chemotherapy - Pharmacology Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

Major Classes of Chemotherapy Drugs (4)

A

1) Alkylating Agents
2) Anti-metabolites
3) Anti-tumor Antibiotics
4) Natural Product Drugs (Including Microtubule Inhibitors)

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2
Q

CCS vs. CCNS

A

Cell Cycle Specific vs. Cell-Cycle Non-specific - Does it knock out a specific phase of the cell cycle

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3
Q

Major Cell Cycle Stages (4) + Drugs Acting At Each Stage

A

1) G1 - Alkylating Agents - But they are CCNS
2) S - Antimetabolites
3) G2 - Bleomycin
4) Mitosis - Microtubule Inhibitors

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4
Q

Anti-Metabolites - Names (6)

A

1) Azathioprine
2) 6-MP - 6 mercaptopurine
3) Cladribine (2-CDA)
4) Cytarabine
5) 5-FU - 5-Fluorouracil
6) Methotraxate

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5
Q

Alkylating Agents (5)

A

1) Cyclophosphamide
2) Busulfan
3) Nitrosoureas
4) Cisplatin
5) Carboplatin

4-5 Are Platinum Analogs

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6
Q

Antitumor Antibiotics (3)

A

1) Bleomycin
2) Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D)
3) Doxorubicin

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7
Q

Cyclophosphamide - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS
Mechanism - Cross-Links DNA at N7 (Prevents Replication)
Toxicity - Hemorrhagic Cystitis - Give Mensa Concurrently

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8
Q

Busulfan - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use (2) + Toxicity (2)

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS
Mechanism - Cross Links DNA (Prevents Replication)
Key Use - CML +

CLASS ONLY USE = Gutathione-Transferase Deficiency

Toxicity - Pulmonary Fibrosis + Myelosuppression

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9
Q

Nitrosoureas - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS

E.g. Carmustine

Mechanism - Cross Link DNA (Prevents Replication) - Crosses Blood Brain Barrier
Key Use - Brain Tumors (GBM)
Toxicity - CNS Toxicity

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10
Q

Carmustine - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS - Nitrosoureas
Mechanism - Cross Link DNA (Prevents Replication) - Crosses Blood Brain Barrier
Key Use - Brain Tumors (GBM)
Toxicity - CNS Toxicity

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11
Q

Procarbazine - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity

CLASS ONLY

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS - Nonclassic
Mechanism - Inhibits DNA synthesis + inhibit MAO
Toxicity - High Risk of Secondary Cancer

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12
Q

Cisplatin - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS
Mechanism - Cross-Links DNA (Prevents Replication)
Toxicity - Nephrotocity + Ototoxicity (C for Ears)

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13
Q

Carboplatin - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity

CLASS ONLY

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS
Mechanism - Cross-Links DNA (Prevents Replication)
Toxicity - Myelosuppression

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14
Q

Oxaliplatin - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity

CLASS ONLY

A

CCS/CCNS - Alkylating Agent - CCNS
Mechanism - Cross-Links DNA (Prevents Replication)
Toxicity - Neurotoxicity

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15
Q

Methotrexate - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Antimetabolite - CCS - S Phase
Mechanism - Folic Acid Analog - Inhibits Dihydrofolate reductase which inhibits dTMP and DNA Synthesis
Toxicity - Myelosuppression - Reversed with Leucovorin + Mucositis (mouth ulcers)

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16
Q

5-Fluorouracil - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

A

CCS/CCNS - Antimetabolite - CCS - S Phase
Mechanism - Pyrimidine Analog - Inhibits thmidylate Synthase
Toxicity - Non-Reversible Myelosuppresion -

CLASS ONLY - Metabolized by Dihydropyridine DH (Deficiency leads to massive toxicity)

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17
Q

Capecitabine - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity

CLASS ONLY

A

CCS/CCNS - Antimetabolite - CCS - S Phase
Mechanism - Thmidine Phosphophylate converts it to 5-FU
Toxicity - Hand and Foot Syndrome

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18
Q

Cytosine Arabinoside - CCS/CCNS + Toxicity

CLASS ONLY

Study These Flashcards
A

CCS/CCNS - Antimetabolite - CCS - S Phase

Toxicity - Neurototxicty

19
Q

Gemcitabine - CCS/CCNS +Toxicity

CLASS ONLY

Study These Flashcards
A

CCS/CCNS - Antimetabolite - CCS - S Phase

Toxicity - Thromboyctopenia + Hemolytic Uermic Syndrome (Rare)

20
Q

6-Meracaptopurine (6-MP) - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Toxicity + Increases to Toxicity (2)

Study These Flashcards
A

CCS/CCNS - Antimetabolite - CCS - S Phase
Mechanism - Purine Analog - Requires HGPRT Activation
Toxicity - Myelosuppression

Key Increases to Toxicity - Allopurinol (Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor) + Thiopurine Methyl Transferase Defeciency

21
Q

Leucovorin - Class + Use

Study These Flashcards
A

Used to rescue after methotraxate induced myelosuppression (no help for 5-FU)

22
Q

Cladribine - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

Study These Flashcards
A

CCS/CCNS - Antimetabolite - CCS - S Phase
Mechanism - Adenine Analog
Key Use - Hairy Cell Leukemia
Toxicity - Immunsuppression of CD4 and CD8 T-Cells o

23
Q

Vincristine - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

Study These Flashcards
A

CCS/CCNS - Microtubule Destabilizer - M-Phase
Mechanism - Inhibits Microtuble Polymerization
Key Use - Solid Tumors + Lymphoma
Toxicity - Peripherial Neuropathy + Potenet Vesicant + Intrathecal Administration = Lethal

24
Q

Vinblastine - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity

Study These Flashcards
A

CCS/CCNS - Microtubule Destabilizer - M-Phase
Mechanism - Inhibits Microtuble Polymerization
Key Use - Solid Tumors + Lymphoma
Toxicity - Peripherial Neuropathy + Potenet Vesicant + Intrathecal Administration = Lethal

25
Paclitaxel - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
CCS/CCNS - Microtubule Stablizing - M-Phase Mechanism - Hyperstablize the Microtubles so the spindle can't break down (no anaphase) Key Use - Breast Cancer Toxicity - Hypersensitivity Neurotoxicity
26
Abraxene - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
CCS/CCNS - Microtubule Stablizing - M-Phase Mechanism - Hyperstablize the Microtubles so the spindle can't break down (no anaphase) - Paclitaxel with albumin added Key Use - Breast Cancer Toxicity - NO *Hypersensitivity* Neurotoxicity
27
Etoposide - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
CCS/CCNS - Top 2 Inhibit - CCS - G2 Mechanism - Inhibits Topoisomerase 2 - Results in Double Strand DNA Breaks Key Use - Small Cell Cancer Toxicity - Myelosuppression
28
Topotecan - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
CCS/CCNS - Top 1 Inhibit - CCS - S to G2 Mechanism - Inhibits topoisomerase 1 preventing DNA unwinding and replication Key Use - Ovarian and Small Cell Cancer Toxicity - Bone Marrow Suppression
29
Irinotecan - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
CCS/CCNS - Top 1 Inhibit - CCS - S to G2 Mechanism - Inhibits topoisomerase 1 preventing DNA unwinding and replication Key Use - Colon Cancer Toxicity - Diarrhea, and Myelosuppression
30
Doxorubicin - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
CCS/CCNS - Anti-tumor Antibiotic Mechanism - Generates Free Radicals + Intercalates DNA leading to breaks Key Use - Widely used + IV Administration Toxicity - Cardiotoxicity (Dilated Cardiomyopathy) + Prevented by Dexrazoxane
31
- CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
CCS/CCNS - Anti-tumor Antibiotic Mechanism - Generates Free Radicals + Intercalates DNA leading to breaks Key Use - Not for Solid Tumors Toxicity - Myelosuppression
32
Bleomycin - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
CCS/CCNS - Anti-Tumor Antibiotic - CCS for G2 Mechanism - Free Radical Production Key Use - Hodgkin Lymphoma Toxicity - Pulmonary Fibrosis
33
Mitomycin - CCS/CCNS + Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
CCS/CCNS - Anti Tumor Antibiotic Mechanism - DNA X Linker via reduction Key Use - Anal Cancer Toxicity - Hemolytic Uremia
34
Cheomtoxicity Man - FA Page 413 - Midsection Up (4) + Midsection Down (5)
1) Ears (C) = Cisplatin + Carboplatin = Ototoxic 2) Lungs (Bs) = Bleomycin + Busulfan = Pulmonary Fibrosis 3) Heart (D with a T Inside) - Doxorubicin + Trastuzumab = Cardiotoxic 1) C for Kidneys - Cisplatin + Carboplatin = Nephrotoxic 2) Downward C for Lady Parts - Cyclophosphamide = Hemorrhagic Cysitis 3) 5-6-M (Legs) = 5-FU + 6-MP + Methotraxate = Myelosuppression
35
Dexrazoxane - Class + Use
Class - Iron Chelating Agent | Use - Given with Doxorubicin to prevent cardiotoxicity
36
Drugs ending in "ib" vs. "mab"
``` Ib = Small Molecule Inhibitor mab = Monoclonal Antibody ```
37
A-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) - Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
Mechanism - Activates RAR Receptor allowing pro-myelocytes to develop Key Use - PML Toxicity - Can cause DIC and ATRA Syndrome
38
Imatinib - Mechanism + Key Use (2) + Toxicity + Resistance (1)
Gleevec Mechanism - Inhibits Bcr-Able Tyrosine Kinase in the 9:22 Philadelphia Translocation of CML Key Use - CML + GI Stromal Tumors Toxicity - Fluid Retention Resistance - Class Only - T3151 Mutation leads to resistance
39
Trastuzumab - Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
Herceptin Mechanism - Monoclonal Antibody against EGFR Receptor Key Use - HER2+ Breast and GI Cancer Toxicity - Cardiotoxicity = Left Ventricle Function Decline
40
Erlotinib - Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity (2)
Mechanism - EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Key Use - Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Toxicity - Rash (Worse Rash = Drug Working Better) + CYP3A4 Metabolism
41
Bevacizumab - Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity (3)
Mechanism - Monoclonal Antibody against VEGF - Prevents Tumor Angiogenesis Key Use - Solid Tumors (E.g. Colorectal) Toxicity - Hemorrhage, blood clots, impaired wound healing
42
Vemurafenib - Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
Mechanism - Inhibits mutant BRAF (key melanoma mutation) Key Use - Metastatic Melanoma Toxicity - Causes Squamous Cell Carcinoma
43
Rituximab - Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
Mechanism - Monoclonal Antibody for CD20 - B-Cell Marker Key Use - Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Toxicity - Infusion Reaction
44
Tamoxifen - Mechanism + Key Use + Toxicity
Mechanism - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator - Blocking binding of estrogen to ER Cells Key Use - Breast cancer treatment and prevention in pre-menopausal women Toxicity - High risk of thromboembolism + endometrial cancer

A - USMLE Step 1 Pharm (11 decks)

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