Cancer Cell Biology

Question 1

What’s cancer

Answer 1

Term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and invade nearby tissues

Question 2

How does cancer invade nearby cells

Answer 2

Spreads by blood and lymphatic system

Question 3

Causes of cancer

Answer 3

Environmental/lifestyle factors
Environmental carcinogens
Diet- alcohol

Genetics

Inherited -brca in breast cancer

Somatic - RAS in pancreatic cancer

Question 4

Oncogene is

Answer 4

Gene when mutated or overexpressed , contributes development of cancer

Question 5

Tumour suppressors leading to cancer

Answer 5

Usually both alleles are required to be disrupted to disrupt function

Question 6

In G1 what decision is taken

Answer 6

To enter S phase

Question 7

End of G what decision is taken

Answer 7

To enter M phase

Question 8

Apoptosis is included in response to

Answer 8

DNA damage

Oncogene activation

Question 9

Apoptosis is regulated by

Answer 9

P53

Question 10

P53 is a

Answer 10

Tumour suppresses

Question 11

Every cell cycle is risk for?

Answer 11

Mutation

Question 12

as cancer cells keep dividing what happens

Answer 12

cells become starved of nutrients

Question 13

after cells are starved of nutrients what happens next

Answer 13

necrosis starts and cells trigger angiogenesis

Question 14

cancer cells secrete factors that

Answer 14

drive angiogenesis

Question 15

things needed to activate invasion and metastasis

Answer 15

1. altered cell adhesion
2. increased motility and local invasion
3. intravasation, survival in circulation
4. increased motility and local invasion at distal site

Question 16

metastasis cascade?

Answer 16

divsion
new vessel forming to supply new cells
embolism
transport of embolsim through organs
adherance to wall
extravasation
metastasis

Question 17

seed and soil hypothesis

Answer 17

local secretion of particular growth factors or chemokines needed by particular tumours may also be a factor

Question 18

which metastasis spreads the fastest

Answer 18

lung

Question 19

which metastasis spreads second fastest

Answer 19

breast

Question 20

which metastasis spreads 3rd slowest

Answer 20

colorectal

Question 21

which metastasis spreads slowest

Answer 21

prostate cancer