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Reproduction > Camelids > Flashcards

Camelids Flashcards

1
Q

How is a bactrian and dromedary camelid different?

A

Bactrian - 2 humps

Dromedary - 1 hump

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2
Q

What type of uterus do camelids have?

A

Bicornuate

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3
Q

What is on a camelids oviduct?

A

Oviductal papilla

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4
Q

Describe the cervix

A

2-4 rings

2-5cm long

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5
Q

Describe the vagina

A

15-25cm long

Site of sperm deposition

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6
Q

How is a camelids cycle described?

A

Seasonal breeders - induced ovulators

No true oestrus cycle

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7
Q

What are the 4 stages in the follicular wave pattern?

A

Recruitment, selection, dominance, regression

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8
Q

What is the interwave interval?

A

11-20 days depending on the species

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9
Q

What makes a camelid ovulate?

A

Copulation - GnRH like substance in the semen

Beta nerve growth factor

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10
Q

When does LH peak occur?

A

30 minutes after mating

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11
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

30 hours after mating

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12
Q

When is a CL formed?

A

3-4 days post ovulation

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13
Q

Explain the ovarian activity in a non-bred female

A

Each follicular cycle 12-18d

recruitment and growth, dominance and maturation (8-12mm), regression

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14
Q

Stepwise ovarian activity following a non-fertile mating

A

Recruitment and growth, dominance and maturation, coitus, ovulation, CL -> 9 days later luteolysis

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15
Q

Ovarian activity following ovulation and fertilisation

A

Semen contains ovulation inducing factor -> ovulation -> embryo in uterus for 9 days -> CL maintained throughout gestation

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16
Q

When does progesterone increase after mating and when is the peak?

A

Day 4 - peak day 7

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17
Q

Name 5 methods of breeding

A
  1. Pasture
  2. Modified pasture
  3. Hand mating
  4. AI
  5. Embryo transfer
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18
Q

How long will sternal recumbancy last?

A

5-60 minutes

19
Q

Where is semen deposited?

A

Deep into each uterine horn - double ovulation common

20
Q

Which horn will 98% of pregnancies be in?

A

Left

21
Q

When is attachment?

A

Day 14

22
Q

What type of placentation?

A

Diffuse epitheliochorial placentation

23
Q

How does luteolysis occur in the left and right horns?

A

Left - local and systemic pathway

Right - local pathways

24
Q

When is maternal recognition of pregnancy?

A

Day 8-10

25
Q

How long is gestation?

A

335-360 days

26
Q

What type of penis does the male have?

A

Fibroelastic with hooked glans

27
Q

What are 3 things that induce ovulation?

A

Friction of hooked glans in cervix
Ovulation induction factor
Orgling

28
Q

How do we diagnose pregnancy and when? (2)

A
  1. Ultrasound transabdominal or transrectal from 12 days

2. Progesterone analysis blood or milk

29
Q

What fetal membranes are fused?

A

Chorionic and amnionic membrane

30
Q

Describe 1st stage or parturition

A

4-6 hours

Restlessness, anorexia, rolling, lying down

31
Q

2nd stage parturition

A

30-45 minutes

Alternate between standing and recumbancy

32
Q

3rd stage parturition

A

5-45 minutes
Fetal membranes passing
Lochia for 7-10 days post partum

33
Q

What is the 4th membrane crias are born with?

A

Epithelion - attached to mucous membrane and feet

34
Q

When can we determine failure of passive transfer?

A

24-36 hours

35
Q

When does follicular activity resume after parturition?

A

5-7 days

36
Q

How much embryonic loss occurs in the first 30 days?

A

50%

37
Q

List 5 reasons for pregnancy loss

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. Stressorss
  3. Twinning
  4. Hormonal
  5. Infectious diseases
38
Q

When does uterine torsion occur and how do we diagnose?

A

last 2 months gestation

Dianose with transrectal or vaginal palpation

39
Q

What accessory glands do camelids have?

A

Prostate and bulbourethral - thickening of ductus deferens is like an ampulla

40
Q

What breaks down over time with testosterone stimulation?

A

Persistent frenulum

41
Q

What sort of ejaculators are they?

A

Dribble - highly viscous

42
Q

What is the sperm volume?

A

1-3ml

43
Q

How long does liquefaction of semen take?

A

23 hours

44
Q

How is AI performed?

A

trans-cervical - induce with hCG 24 hours before AI

Reproduction (9 decks)

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