Camelids Flashcards

1
Q

How is a bactrian and dromedary camelid different?

A

Bactrian - 2 humps

Dromedary - 1 hump

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2
Q

What type of uterus do camelids have?

A

Bicornuate

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3
Q

What is on a camelids oviduct?

A

Oviductal papilla

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4
Q

Describe the cervix

A

2-4 rings

2-5cm long

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5
Q

Describe the vagina

A

15-25cm long

Site of sperm deposition

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6
Q

How is a camelids cycle described?

A

Seasonal breeders - induced ovulators

No true oestrus cycle

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7
Q

What are the 4 stages in the follicular wave pattern?

A

Recruitment, selection, dominance, regression

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8
Q

What is the interwave interval?

A

11-20 days depending on the species

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9
Q

What makes a camelid ovulate?

A

Copulation - GnRH like substance in the semen

Beta nerve growth factor

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10
Q

When does LH peak occur?

A

30 minutes after mating

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11
Q

When does ovulation occur?

A

30 hours after mating

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12
Q

When is a CL formed?

A

3-4 days post ovulation

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13
Q

Explain the ovarian activity in a non-bred female

A

Each follicular cycle 12-18d

recruitment and growth, dominance and maturation (8-12mm), regression

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14
Q

Stepwise ovarian activity following a non-fertile mating

A

Recruitment and growth, dominance and maturation, coitus, ovulation, CL -> 9 days later luteolysis

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15
Q

Ovarian activity following ovulation and fertilisation

A

Semen contains ovulation inducing factor -> ovulation -> embryo in uterus for 9 days -> CL maintained throughout gestation

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16
Q

When does progesterone increase after mating and when is the peak?

A

Day 4 - peak day 7

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17
Q

Name 5 methods of breeding

A
  1. Pasture
  2. Modified pasture
  3. Hand mating
  4. AI
  5. Embryo transfer
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18
Q

How long will sternal recumbancy last?

A

5-60 minutes

19
Q

Where is semen deposited?

A

Deep into each uterine horn - double ovulation common

20
Q

Which horn will 98% of pregnancies be in?

21
Q

When is attachment?

22
Q

What type of placentation?

A

Diffuse epitheliochorial placentation

23
Q

How does luteolysis occur in the left and right horns?

A

Left - local and systemic pathway

Right - local pathways

24
Q

When is maternal recognition of pregnancy?

25
How long is gestation?
335-360 days
26
What type of penis does the male have?
Fibroelastic with hooked glans
27
What are 3 things that induce ovulation?
Friction of hooked glans in cervix Ovulation induction factor Orgling
28
How do we diagnose pregnancy and when? (2)
1. Ultrasound transabdominal or transrectal from 12 days | 2. Progesterone analysis blood or milk
29
What fetal membranes are fused?
Chorionic and amnionic membrane
30
Describe 1st stage or parturition
4-6 hours | Restlessness, anorexia, rolling, lying down
31
2nd stage parturition
30-45 minutes | Alternate between standing and recumbancy
32
3rd stage parturition
5-45 minutes Fetal membranes passing Lochia for 7-10 days post partum
33
What is the 4th membrane crias are born with?
Epithelion - attached to mucous membrane and feet
34
When can we determine failure of passive transfer?
24-36 hours
35
When does follicular activity resume after parturition?
5-7 days
36
How much embryonic loss occurs in the first 30 days?
50%
37
List 5 reasons for pregnancy loss
1. Nutrition 2. Stressorss 3. Twinning 4. Hormonal 5. Infectious diseases
38
When does uterine torsion occur and how do we diagnose?
last 2 months gestation | Dianose with transrectal or vaginal palpation
39
What accessory glands do camelids have?
Prostate and bulbourethral - thickening of ductus deferens is like an ampulla
40
What breaks down over time with testosterone stimulation?
Persistent frenulum
41
What sort of ejaculators are they?
Dribble - highly viscous
42
What is the sperm volume?
1-3ml
43
How long does liquefaction of semen take?
23 hours
44
How is AI performed?
trans-cervical - induce with hCG 24 hours before AI