Camelids Flashcards
How is a bactrian and dromedary camelid different?
Bactrian - 2 humps
Dromedary - 1 hump
What type of uterus do camelids have?
Bicornuate
What is on a camelids oviduct?
Oviductal papilla
Describe the cervix
2-4 rings
2-5cm long
Describe the vagina
15-25cm long
Site of sperm deposition
How is a camelids cycle described?
Seasonal breeders - induced ovulators
No true oestrus cycle
What are the 4 stages in the follicular wave pattern?
Recruitment, selection, dominance, regression
What is the interwave interval?
11-20 days depending on the species
What makes a camelid ovulate?
Copulation - GnRH like substance in the semen
Beta nerve growth factor
When does LH peak occur?
30 minutes after mating
When does ovulation occur?
30 hours after mating
When is a CL formed?
3-4 days post ovulation
Explain the ovarian activity in a non-bred female
Each follicular cycle 12-18d
recruitment and growth, dominance and maturation (8-12mm), regression
Stepwise ovarian activity following a non-fertile mating
Recruitment and growth, dominance and maturation, coitus, ovulation, CL -> 9 days later luteolysis
Ovarian activity following ovulation and fertilisation
Semen contains ovulation inducing factor -> ovulation -> embryo in uterus for 9 days -> CL maintained throughout gestation
When does progesterone increase after mating and when is the peak?
Day 4 - peak day 7
Name 5 methods of breeding
- Pasture
- Modified pasture
- Hand mating
- AI
- Embryo transfer
How long will sternal recumbancy last?
5-60 minutes
Where is semen deposited?
Deep into each uterine horn - double ovulation common
Which horn will 98% of pregnancies be in?
Left
When is attachment?
Day 14
What type of placentation?
Diffuse epitheliochorial placentation
How does luteolysis occur in the left and right horns?
Left - local and systemic pathway
Right - local pathways
When is maternal recognition of pregnancy?
Day 8-10
How long is gestation?
335-360 days
What type of penis does the male have?
Fibroelastic with hooked glans
What are 3 things that induce ovulation?
Friction of hooked glans in cervix
Ovulation induction factor
Orgling
How do we diagnose pregnancy and when? (2)
- Ultrasound transabdominal or transrectal from 12 days
2. Progesterone analysis blood or milk
What fetal membranes are fused?
Chorionic and amnionic membrane
Describe 1st stage or parturition
4-6 hours
Restlessness, anorexia, rolling, lying down
2nd stage parturition
30-45 minutes
Alternate between standing and recumbancy
3rd stage parturition
5-45 minutes
Fetal membranes passing
Lochia for 7-10 days post partum
What is the 4th membrane crias are born with?
Epithelion - attached to mucous membrane and feet
When can we determine failure of passive transfer?
24-36 hours
When does follicular activity resume after parturition?
5-7 days
How much embryonic loss occurs in the first 30 days?
50%
List 5 reasons for pregnancy loss
- Nutrition
- Stressorss
- Twinning
- Hormonal
- Infectious diseases
When does uterine torsion occur and how do we diagnose?
last 2 months gestation
Dianose with transrectal or vaginal palpation
What accessory glands do camelids have?
Prostate and bulbourethral - thickening of ductus deferens is like an ampulla
What breaks down over time with testosterone stimulation?
Persistent frenulum
What sort of ejaculators are they?
Dribble - highly viscous
What is the sperm volume?
1-3ml
How long does liquefaction of semen take?
23 hours
How is AI performed?
trans-cervical - induce with hCG 24 hours before AI
