Anatomy Flashcards
What structures fuse to form the uterus?
Paramesonephric ducts
Urogenital sinus
What gene is required for male development?
SRY gene of Y chromosome
What is the function of the broad ligaments?
Support and position reproductive organs
Carry blood vessels and nerves
What are the 3 parts of the broad ligaments?
Mesovarium - support ovary
Mesosalpinx - support uterine tube
Mesometrium - support uterus
What is the purpose of the round ligament and where is it found?
Support uterus
In fold of mesometrium
What is the arterial blood supply to the repro tract in ruminant and pigs?
Uterine artery
Ovarian artery
Vaginal artery
Describe the structure of a primordial follicle
Surrounded by a single layer of flattened squamous follicular cells
What characterises a primary follicle?
Single layer of cuboidal cells
What characterises a secondary follicle?
2+ layers of cuboidal cells - no antrum or follicular fluid
What characterises tertiary follicles?
Fluid filled antrum
What are the layers of a mature follicle called and what do they do?
3 layers
Theca externa - LCT
Theca interna - Steroid production and LH receptors
Granulosa layer - FSH receptors produce oestrogen, inhibin and follicular fluid
Where is the CL located?
In the cortex
What is the pathway of blood from aorta to uterus in ruminants?
Aorta -> internal iliac -> internal pudendal -> uterine artery
Where does the spermatic cord go?
From inguinal ring to dorsal pole of testis
What does the spermatic cord contain?
Nerves Lymphatics Cremaster muscle (height of testis) Extensive testicular vasculature Ductus deferens
What is the function of the ductus deferens?
Transport sperm from epididymis out through urethra
What is the function of the cremaster muscle?
Striated - temperature control by contracting and pumping blood through PP
Testis elevation
What is the function of the PP?
Counter current heat exchanger -> Venous blood from testis cools arterial blood to testis
Pulse pressure elimination
What is the function of tunica dartos?
Smooth muscle sustained contractions - holds testis against body or relaxed
ALso androgen control
What is in the testicular capsule?
Visceral vaginal tunic
Tunica albuginea
What makes up the testicular parenchyma?
Tubular compartment - seminiferous tubules
Interstitial compartment - CT, lymph vessels, vessels
Peripiheral and deep adluminal compartments - primary spermatocytes move from basal compartment and form secondary spermatocytes
Basal compartment - formation of sperm
What is the mediastinum continous with?
Tunica albuginea
What do the efferent ducts convey sperm to?
The epididymal duct - final maturation and storage
What are the names and function of the parts of the epididymal duct?
Head - Reabsorbs and secretes fluid
Body - translocation of proximal droplets
Tail - ejaculation storage to ductus deferens
What is seminal plasma produced by?
Epididymis
all 4 accessory glands
Where are the seminal vesicles and what do they do?
Either side of pelvic urethra and open into it secreting sugars fluid
What is the structure of the prostate gland?
Stallion - H shaped corpus and 2 lateral lobes
Bulbourethral glands structure and function
Add mucous secretion to ejaculate
Ovoid and quite dense
What 3 species have a fibroelastic penis?
Boars
Bulls
Rams
Describe the 4 steps of an erection
- Blood pumped by ischiocavernosus muscle into corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum
- Elongation and straightening of penis
- Relaxation of retractor penis muscle
- Penis protrudes from prepuce
Describe the 5 steps of emission
- Sensory stimulation
- Stimulation of nerves in supraoptic and PVN
- Release oxytocin from PP
- Contractions in smooth muscle in distal tail of epididymis and DD
- Transport of sperm to ejaculatory position
