Calcium Gluconate Flashcards
What type is Calcium Gluconate?
Electrolyte
What is the action of Calcium Gluconate?
Antagonise the effects of Hyperkalaemia by increasing the threshold potentialrestoring the normal gradient between TP & RMP which is elevated in Hyperkalaemia.
This decreases excitability of cells & more Ca+ is available in Phase 2 of AP ^ FOC
What is the onset peak and duration of Calcium Gluconate?
Onset 30 sec, Peak N/A, Duration 30mins - 2hours
What is Calcium Gluconate used for?
Hyperkalaemia
Adverse effects, increased myocardial and cereberal damage?
May cause increased myocardial and cereberal damage by ^ intracellular Ca+ levels. This is due to Decreased function of the sodium potassium pum due to ischaemia. This causes an increase in intracellular Ca++ causing a decrease in ATP production and damage to mitochondria and the development of proteolytic enzymes that cause cellular damage
Adverse effects, tissue necrosis if extravasation from vein occurs?
Causes irritation to soft tissue causing it to separate peel away and become necrotic
Adverse effects, Dysrythmias
Rapid infusion of Ca+ may hypercalcaemia which blocks Na+ channels in nerve and muscle fibres raising their threshold potential. Decreased neural excitability may lead to hypotension> ^ AP threshold may lead to bradycardia or short Qt intervals, wide T wave ST elevation and Arrythmias. Digoxin blocks the Na+?K+ pump by binding to the K+site on the pumpcausing a decrease function of the Ca++ exchangers and an ^ in intracellular Ca++
What is the preparation of Calcium Gluconate?
2.2 mmol (10ml) ampoule (1g:10ml)
What is the dose for Hyperkalaemia?
> 16yrs 1gm IV over 2 mins no repeat
Pead 20mg/kg IV/IO over 2 mins max bolus 1gm no repeat
Causes of Hyperkalaemia?
Renal failure decreased K+ excretion
Crush injury confinement causing ^ K+ load.
Hypekalaemia signs
T peaked T waves P wave disapearing QRS widening Presence of a sine wave Asystole VF/VT
