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nutrition exam 2 > Calcium > Flashcards

Calcium Flashcards

1
Q

mineral represent 4-5% of the body weight what is the break down

A

50% calcium, 25% phosphorus, 14 % remaining

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2
Q

mineral represent 4-5% of the body weight what is the break down

A

50% calcium, 25% phosphorus, 14 % remaining

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3
Q

minerals are absorbed in what state? except?

A

in ionic state, except heme iron it absorbed as part of heme complex

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4
Q

metals =

A

minerals with positive charge

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5
Q

nonmetals=

A

minerals with negative charge

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6
Q

amount of major minerals a day

A

> 100 mg/day

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7
Q

trace minerals per day

A

1-100mg/day

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8
Q

ultratrace

A
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9
Q

what are the major minerals

A

Ca, Cl, Mg, P, K, Na, S

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10
Q

what are the trace minerals

A

Fe, Zinc, Cu, F

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11
Q

ultratrace minerals

A

I, Se, Mn, Mo, Cr, As, B, Ni, Si

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12
Q

what is the most abundant divalent cation in the body

A

Calcium

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13
Q

what is the most comm form of calcium in supplements and fortified foods? what does it require to digest

A

Calcium carbonate, atleast 1 hour in an acidic enviromnet

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14
Q

what two types of calcium dont require an acid environment to digest

A

calcium citrate, calcium lactate

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15
Q

calcium is absorbed by what two methods?

A

active transport in SI using calbindin 9k

passive diffusi

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16
Q

minerals are absorbed in what state? except?

A

in ionic state, except heme iron it absorbed as part of heme complex

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17
Q

metals =

A

minerals with positive charge

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18
Q

nonmetals=

A

minerals with negative charge

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19
Q

amount of major minerals a day

A

> 100 mg/day

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20
Q

trace minerals per day

A

1-100mg/day

21
Q

ultratrace

A
22
Q

what are the major minerals

A

Ca, Cl, Mg, P, K, Na, S

23
Q

what are the trace minerals

A

Fe, Zinc, Cu, F

24
Q

ultratrace minerals

A

I, Se, Mn, Mo, Cr, As, B, Ni, Si

25
Q

what is the most abundant divalent cation in the body

A

Calcium

26
Q

what is the most comm form of calcium in supplements and fortified foods? what does it require to digest

A

Calcium carbonate, atleast 1 hour in an acidic enviromnet

27
Q

what two types of calcium dont require an acid environment to digest

A

calcium citrate, calcium lactate

28
Q

calcium is absorbed by what two methods?

A

active transport in SI using calbindin 9k (requires vit D)

passive diffusion in Si when calbindin 9k is saturated does not require vitamin D

29
Q

with active and passive calcium absorption how much calcium can be absorbed?

A

500mg

30
Q

when blood calcium is low what takes place to bring it up

A
  1. parathyroid hormone is secreted to induce hydroxylase in the kidney,2. hydroxylase activates calcitriol(vitamin D), 3. calcitriol stimulates synthesis of calcium-binding proteins 4. calcium binding proteins increase calcium absorption in SI (calbindin 9k) and decrease calcium excretion in kidneys (calbindin 28k)
31
Q

what enhances ca absorption?

A

vitamin D, sugars, proteins

32
Q

what increases Ca excretion

A

Na, protein, caffeine

33
Q

what decrease Ca excretion

A

estrogen, potassium, phosphorus

34
Q

what inhibits Ca absorption

A

Fiber, phytate, oxalate, divalent minerals (Zn, Mg, Cu), fatty acids

35
Q

typical adult absorbs what percent of Ca

A

20-30%

36
Q

RDA of Calcium

A

adults 19-50= 1000mg

adults >50=1200mg

37
Q

Calcium sources

A

Dairy, fish, spinach, tofu, fortified grains

38
Q

calcium functions

A

bone mineralization, cell signaling

39
Q

other nutrients in bone calcification

A

vitamin A, D, K, c and B6

40
Q

Ca is found with what other minerals in osteoblast

A

phosphorus, fluoride, magnesium, potassium, strontium, sodium,

41
Q

what types of cell signaling is Ca involved in

A

muscle contraction, nerve conduction, blood clotting, enzyme regulation, membrane permeability

42
Q

calcium deficiency results in?

A

tetany, paresthesia due to hyperecitability of nerves causing spontaneous discharge

43
Q

Calcium toxicity causes? what is the tolerable upper limit of Ca

A

fatigue, hallucinations, constipation, kidney stones, calcium deposits in soft tissue
TUI= 2500mg a day can also occur with 2000mg a day and vit D

44
Q

causes of calcium toxicity

A

high dairy or supplement intake, hyperparahyroidism, bone cancer, sacoidosis, turberculosis

45
Q

which form is Ca absorbed in

A

calcium ion

46
Q

what stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion (PTH)

A

low serum calcium

47
Q

where is calbindin 28k located in vivo

A

kidneys

48
Q

what is a clinical indicator of a calcium deficiency

A

tetany

49
Q

what can blood calcium levels be used to diagnose

A

calcium toxicity

nutrition exam 2 (13 decks)

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