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Physical Science > C9 Terms > Flashcards

C9 Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Caloric theory

A

Heat was an invisible liquid.

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2
Q

Internal energy

A

The speed of the particles in a system.

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3
Q

Stirling engine

A

It is a completely enclosed piston engine containing a working gas that is transferred back and forth between hot and cold heat exchangers.

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4
Q

Temperature

A

The average kinetic energy of a systems atoms and molecules.

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5
Q

Degree

A

A dimensional unit

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6
Q

Thermometer

A

An instrument used to measure temperature

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7
Q

Thermometer property

A

A property of mater to change predictability with a given temperature

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8
Q

Fiducial points

A

A fixed, precisely known, and easily reproducible temperature value.

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9
Q

Fahrenheit scale

A

180 degrees between the freezing point of water and it’s boiling point

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10
Q

Celsius scale

A

Has 100 degrees between the freezing and boiling point of water

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11
Q

Triple point

A

The temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a substance exist all at once

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12
Q

Kelvin scale

A

0 is where there is no energy in a substance and 273.15 is the freezing point of water

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13
Q

Thermal expansion

A

The distance between particles in a substance be come greater as temperature increases

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14
Q

Heat

A

The flow of thermal energy from one place to another

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15
Q

2nd law of thermal dynamics

A

The useful energy of a system tends to decrease and the entropy tends to increase

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16
Q

Entropy

A

A measure of a systems disorder

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17
Q

Conduction

A

Thermal energy moving from a warmer substance to a cooler substance

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18
Q

Thermal equilibrium

A

When the kinetic energy of two systems in the exact same

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19
Q

Convection

A

Thermal energy is carried from one location to anther by a fluid

20
Q

Convection current

A

The fluids cycle path

21
Q

Radiation

A

Electromagnetic energy moves in space

22
Q

Insulator

A

A material that resist the flow of thermal energy

23
Q

Heat capacity

A

The thermal energy in joules that an object must gain or lose to cause a temperature of 1 degree C

24
Q

Specific heat

A

The heat capacity per gram of material

25
Q

Calorimeter

A

Measures the transfer of thermal energy between objects

26
Q

Latent heat of fusion

A

The amount of thermal energy exchanged per gram of material during melting or freezing

27
Q

Latent heat of vaporization

A

The amount of thermal energy exchanged per gram of material during the vaporization or condensing period

28
Q

What did scientists believe about caloric?

A

They believed it was a liquid.

29
Q

Who first successfully challenged the caloric theory?

A

Benjamin Thompson.

30
Q

What was the significance of Joule’s discovery of the relationship between heat and mechanical work?

A

It did not fit the caloric theory.

31
Q

How much energy is required to raise the temperature of a gram of water 1 degree C?

A

4.18 N•m

32
Q

What is the difference between the internal energy of an object and it’s thermal energy?

A

Internal energy is the movement of particles with In a substance. It can’t be measured. The thermal energy of a system is the some of all the kinetic energies and it’s particles.

33
Q

When can we measure thermal energy? What is actually measured?

A

When there is a change. The temperature.

34
Q

What property of a thermometer allows it to indicate temperature? Name two examples.

A

By exploiting the thermometric property, and the average kinetic energy of the systems atoms and molecules

35
Q

What three properties must a fiducial point have? Name the fiducial points for the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales

A

Fixed, precisely know, and easily reproducible. F. The freezing point of salt water and ice, and the blood of a healthy man. C. The freezing point of water and the boiling point of water

36
Q

What is one major advantage of the Celsius scale over the Fahrenheit scale? What major disadvantages do both scales have?

A

It’s convince and decimal basis. They both have negative values

37
Q

How does the Kelvin scale resolve the problem noted in question4

A

It does not have negative values

38
Q

State the temperature of the fiducial point(s) of the Kelvin scale. What defines the Kelvin scale’a fiducial point(s)?

A

273.16 the scientists set it.

39
Q

Name three ways temperature changes affect a materials properties.

A

Thermal expansion, Electrical resistance, and Viscosity

40
Q

Discuss the difference between thermal energy and heat.

A

Heat is the flow of thermal energy from one place to anther and thermal energy is the sum of all the kinetic energies of a systems particles

41
Q

Describe the three ways thermal energy can be transferred.

A

Conduction (the flow of energy between two touching objects). Convention (energy is carried by a fluid from one place to anther). Radiation (electromagnetic energy moves in space).

42
Q

State two ways that the arrangement of atoms and the bonding between atoms of a material can influence its insulating ability.

A

The atoms of good conductors are bonded closely together and have many loose electrons and poor conductors have the opposite

43
Q

Compare and contrast heat capacity and specific heat capacity.

A

Heat comps city is the amount of energy exchanged to raise or lower the temperature if Abe object 1 degrees C and specific heat is the amount of energy exchanged to raise or lower the temperature of 1 gram of a substance

44
Q

How much thermal energy must be lost by a gram of water at 0 C to freeze to a gram of ice? What is this quantity of heat called?

A

333J. The latent heat of fusion

45
Q

How much thermal energy must a gram of water at 100 C gain to vaporize to a gram of steam at 100 C? What is this quantity of heat called?

A

2256J the latent heat of vaporization

Physical Science (20 decks)

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