C9 Terms

Question 1

Caloric theory

Answer 1

Heat was an invisible liquid.

Question 2

Internal energy

Answer 2

The speed of the particles in a system.

Question 3

Stirling engine

Answer 3

It is a completely enclosed piston engine containing a working gas that is transferred back and forth between hot and cold heat exchangers.

Question 4

Temperature

Answer 4

The average kinetic energy of a systems atoms and molecules.

Question 5

Degree

Answer 5

A dimensional unit

Question 6

Thermometer

Answer 6

An instrument used to measure temperature

Question 7

Thermometer property

Answer 7

A property of mater to change predictability with a given temperature

Question 8

Fiducial points

Answer 8

A fixed, precisely known, and easily reproducible temperature value.

Question 9

Fahrenheit scale

Answer 9

180 degrees between the freezing point of water and it’s boiling point

Question 10

Celsius scale

Answer 10

Has 100 degrees between the freezing and boiling point of water

Question 11

Triple point

Answer 11

The temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a substance exist all at once

Question 12

Kelvin scale

Answer 12

0 is where there is no energy in a substance and 273.15 is the freezing point of water

Question 13

Thermal expansion

Answer 13

The distance between particles in a substance be come greater as temperature increases

Question 14

Heat

Answer 14

The flow of thermal energy from one place to another

Question 15

2nd law of thermal dynamics

Answer 15

The useful energy of a system tends to decrease and the entropy tends to increase

Question 16

Entropy

Answer 16

A measure of a systems disorder

Question 17

Conduction

Answer 17

Thermal energy moving from a warmer substance to a cooler substance

Question 18

Thermal equilibrium

Answer 18

When the kinetic energy of two systems in the exact same

Question 19

Convection

Answer 19

Thermal energy is carried from one location to anther by a fluid

Question 20

Convection current

Answer 20

The fluids cycle path

Question 21

Radiation

Answer 21

Electromagnetic energy moves in space

Question 22

Insulator

Answer 22

A material that resist the flow of thermal energy

Question 23

Heat capacity

Answer 23

The thermal energy in joules that an object must gain or lose to cause a temperature of 1 degree C

Question 24

Specific heat

Answer 24

The heat capacity per gram of material

Question 25

Calorimeter

Answer 25

Measures the transfer of thermal energy between objects

Question 26

Latent heat of fusion

Answer 26

The amount of thermal energy exchanged per gram of material during melting or freezing

Question 27

Latent heat of vaporization

Answer 27

The amount of thermal energy exchanged per gram of material during the vaporization or condensing period

Question 28

What did scientists believe about caloric?

Answer 28

They believed it was a liquid.

Question 29

Who first successfully challenged the caloric theory?

Answer 29

Benjamin Thompson.

Question 30

What was the significance of Joule's discovery of the relationship between heat and mechanical work?

Answer 30

It did not fit the caloric theory.

Question 31

How much energy is required to raise the temperature of a gram of water 1 degree C?

Answer 31

4.18 N•m

Question 32

What is the difference between the internal energy of an object and it's thermal energy?

Answer 32

Internal energy is the movement of particles with In a substance. It can't be measured. The thermal energy of a system is the some of all the kinetic energies and it's particles.

Question 33

When can we measure thermal energy? What is actually measured?

Answer 33

When there is a change. The temperature.

Question 34

What property of a thermometer allows it to indicate temperature? Name two examples.

Answer 34

By exploiting the thermometric property, and the average kinetic energy of the systems atoms and molecules

Question 35

What three properties must a fiducial point have? Name the fiducial points for the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales

Answer 35

Fixed, precisely know, and easily reproducible. F. The freezing point of salt water and ice, and the blood of a healthy man. C. The freezing point of water and the boiling point of water

Question 36

What is one major advantage of the Celsius scale over the Fahrenheit scale? What major disadvantages do both scales have?

Answer 36

It's convince and decimal basis. They both have negative values

Question 37

How does the Kelvin scale resolve the problem noted in question4

Answer 37

It does not have negative values

Question 38

State the temperature of the fiducial point(s) of the Kelvin scale. What defines the Kelvin scale'a fiducial point(s)?

Answer 38

273.16 the scientists set it.

Question 39

Name three ways temperature changes affect a materials properties.

Answer 39

Thermal expansion, Electrical resistance, and Viscosity

Question 40

Discuss the difference between thermal energy and heat.

Answer 40

Heat is the flow of thermal energy from one place to anther and thermal energy is the sum of all the kinetic energies of a systems particles

Question 41

Describe the three ways thermal energy can be transferred.

Answer 41

Conduction (the flow of energy between two touching objects). Convention (energy is carried by a fluid from one place to anther). Radiation (electromagnetic energy moves in space).

Question 42

State two ways that the arrangement of atoms and the bonding between atoms of a material can influence its insulating ability.

Answer 42

The atoms of good conductors are bonded closely together and have many loose electrons and poor conductors have the opposite

Question 43

Compare and contrast heat capacity and specific heat capacity.

Answer 43

Heat comps city is the amount of energy exchanged to raise or lower the temperature if Abe object 1 degrees C and specific heat is the amount of energy exchanged to raise or lower the temperature of 1 gram of a substance

Question 44

How much thermal energy must be lost by a gram of water at 0 C to freeze to a gram of ice? What is this quantity of heat called?

Answer 44

333J. The latent heat of fusion

Question 45

How much thermal energy must a gram of water at 100 C gain to vaporize to a gram of steam at 100 C? What is this quantity of heat called?

Answer 45

2256J the latent heat of vaporization