C21 Terms

Question 1

hydronium ion

Answer 1

The cation formed by the self ionization of water

Question 2

hydroxide ion

Answer 2

The anion formed by the self ionization of water.

Question 3

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 3

The state of any two-way process In which the concentration of particles remain relatively constant but the identity of the individual particles constantly changes.

Question 4

acid

Answer 4

Any substance that donates hydrogen ions.

Question 5

base

Answer 5

Any substance that accepts hydrogen ions.

Question 6

Arrhenius model

Answer 6

A model of acids and bases in which acid compounds form hydronium ions in aqueous solutions and bases form hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions.

Question 7

Bronsted-Lowry model

Answer 7

A model of acids and bases that defines acidity and alkalinity based on hydrogen ion transfer. Acids donate hydrogen ions and bases accept hydrogen ions.

Question 8

monoprotic acid

Answer 8

An acid that can donate only one hydrogen atom

Question 9

polyprotic acid

Answer 9

An acid of three or more atoms

Question 10

conjugate base

Answer 10

The proton acceptor produced after a Brønsted-Lowry acid donates a proton.

Question 11

conjugate acid

Answer 11

The proton acceptor produced after a Brønsted-Lowry acid donates a proton

Question 12

salt

Answer 12

Any ionic compound that could be produced by the combination of a base cation and an acid anion in a neutralization reaction.

Question 13

neutralization reaction

Answer 13

A reaction between an acid and a base. In aqueous solutions the products are a salt and water.

Question 14

pH scale

Answer 14

A scale that indicates the acidity of a solution.

Question 15

alkaline

Answer 15

Having a pH value greater than 7

Question 16

pH indicator

Answer 16

Any substance that turns a specific color in a solution with a particular pH.

Question 17

pH meter

Answer 17

An instrument designed to measure the pH of a solution.

Question 18

Describe how water molecules can hydrate various substances.

Answer 18

They smash and wedge the other molecules off of the other substance and then surround them.

Question 19

Describe the two ionization reactions that occur in pure water.

Answer 19

In the first one a hydrogen atom is transferred to a water molecule. In the second the exact opposite happens.

Question 20

Does a reaction involving an acid and a base have to take place in a water environment?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

State the general properties of water-soluble acids discussed in this section.

Answer 21

Idk

Question 22

What class of compounds are salts?

Answer 22

Ionic compounds.

Question 23

In water solutions what occurs in every neutralization reaction?

Answer 23

Idk

Question 24

How do you know when an insoluble salt is formed by an acid base neutralization?

Answer 24

You don’t

Question 25

What is a sting acid? Why is an acids strength not related to its concentration?

Answer 25

An acid with a low pH. Because the strength can vary.

Question 26

In what two ways may various compounds act as strong bases?

Answer 26

They can absorb electrons. Idk.

Question 27

How is the acidity or alkalinity of a solution measure?

Answer 27

With the pH scale.

Question 28

What are two different ways to measure the pH of a solution?

Answer 28

With a pH meter and a pH indicator.