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Physical Science > C10 Terms > Flashcards

C10 Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Stationary electrical charges and the forces that they exert

A

static electricity

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2
Q

Is much stinger than gravity

A

electrostatic force

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3
Q

Like charges repel unlike charges attract

A

law of charges

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4
Q

The net positive or negative charge is measured in?

A

coulomb (C)

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5
Q

The creation of a charged region on a neutral object when exposed to a nearby electrical charge is?

A

electrical induction

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6
Q

A neutral molecule whose electrons have shifted to from positive and negative ends or poles is?

A

dipole

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7
Q

Changes can be detected with what instrument?

A

electroscope

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8
Q

Materials that offer little resistance to electron motion.

A

electrical conductor

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9
Q

A loss of static charges.

A

electrical discharge

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10
Q

A device used to protect buildings from lightning

A

lightning rod

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11
Q

The first capacitor

A

Leyden jar

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12
Q

A devise that stores electrical charges

A

capacitor

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13
Q

Electricity that involves continuously moving charges is called?

A

electrical current

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14
Q

Most TVs contain a large vacuum tube screen called?

A

cathode-ray tube (CRT)

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15
Q

Electrons that have kinetic energy have?

A

electrical potential energy

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16
Q

The flow of positive charges through a conductor is called?

A

conventional current

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17
Q

Current that flows in one direction is called?

A

direct current

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18
Q

The compleat path from the source of electrons to the end is called?

A

electrical circuit

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19
Q

Something that electricity to some other useful form is called?

A

electrical load

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20
Q

Allows you to open or close the circuit.

A

switch

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21
Q

Consists of one or more electromechanical cells that supply electrons released by a chemical reaction.

A

battery

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22
Q

Supplies electrons released by a chemical reaction.

A

electrochemical cell

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23
Q

We measure potential difference with a unit called?

A

volt (V)

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24
Q

The unit in which electrical current is measured.

A

ampere (A)

25
Q

The resistance to electrical flow is called?

A

electrical resistance

26
Q

What changes the voltage of the current in an electrical circuit?

A

resistor

27
Q

Ohm’s law state that.

A

As the size of the voltage changes the current is directly proportional the the voltage change, and the current is directly proportional to the resistance.

28
Q

The unit that resistance is measured in.

A

ohm

29
Q

The unit of electrical energy used by utilities to sell electricity.

A

kilowatt-hour (kWh)

30
Q

What is the term for a circuit that has several loads on one wire?

A

series circuit

31
Q

What is it called when the current branches into parallel paths with the loads on each of the paths?

A

parallel circuit

32
Q

What is it called when the positive and negative wires touch and the current takes the easiest way to ground?

A

short circuit

33
Q

What device stops the current when it exceeds a set limit?

A

overcurrent protections

34
Q

What is the device that detects short circuits?

A

circuit breaker

35
Q

What is a breaker that detects arcs in a circuit?

A

arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI)

36
Q

Fuse

A

A metal glass container that melts when the current overloads.

37
Q

What device protects users from electrocution

A

ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)

38
Q

What causes electrical charges to attract and repel? How does the strength of this force compare to the gravitational force?

A

The electrostatic force. It is greater than gravity.

39
Q

How many kinds of electrical charges are there? What are they called?

A

Two. Negative and positive.

40
Q

What makes most every day objects electrically neutral?

A

They are neutrally charged.

41
Q

What produces a negative charge on an object? A positive charge?

A

When there is more electrons than protons. When there is more protons than electrons.

42
Q

As like charges move closer together, their lines of force bend farther away from each other and push together into a smaller space. What does this indicate about the size of the forces between them?

A

They are the same

43
Q

How can you tell that an electroscope has an electrical charge?

A

The needle will move

44
Q

Describe electrical conductors and insulators and give one example of each. What do we call materials that conduct electricity only under special circumstances

A

Conductors offer little resistance to electron motion a insulant does not. The copper in a wire is a conductor and the plastic coating on the outside is an insulant

45
Q

What was the first devise to successfully store electrical charges?

A

The Leyden Jar

46
Q

Name two devices that use static electricity to compleat a task.

A

An electrostatic precipitator, and a photocopier

47
Q

(True or False) Lightning is a rapid electrostatic discharge.

A

True

48
Q

Compare the two models of how electrons flow through a conductor

A

The first is the electron diffusion theory that states that electrons flow from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, and the second is the flow of electrons from a point of higher potential energy to a point of lower potential energy

49
Q

What is the name for current that flows in one direction?

A

Direct current or DC

50
Q

What are the minimum components needed for an electrical circuit to work? What device allows us to control whether or not current flows in a circuit?

A

The source and the load. A switch

51
Q

What is the unit for electrical potential difference? How is it defined in terms of other SI units?

A

The volt. It is defined in the formula

   1J 1V=-----
   1C
52
Q

What is the unit of electrical current?

A

The ampere (A)

53
Q

What is the unit of electrical resistance?

A

The Ohm

54
Q

What happens to the current in a short circuit? What can potentially result from a short circuit?

A

The current bypasses the load. A fire can be the result.

55
Q

What common electrical safety device is designed to prevent electrical fires?

A

Circuit breakers

56
Q

Give two reasons why circuit breakers are more effective and convenient than fuses.

A

They trip instantly not allowing a fire to start and they can be reused.

57
Q

Why can a person be shocked to death by less current than is required to start a fire?

A

Because it does not take much current to stop the heart.

58
Q

What device protects users from electrocution?

A

Ground-fault circuit interrupters

Physical Science (20 decks)

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