C6 Terms

Question 1

chemical energy

Answer 1

The potential energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms that is released or absorbed during chemical reactions.

Question 2

conservation of energy

Answer 2

Law stating that the total amount of energy entering the process equals the total of all the forms of energy that exist at the end of the process. Also known as the first law of thermodynamics.

Question 3

electrical energy

Answer 3

The ability to do work through the action of the electromagnetic force on and by electrical charges.

Question 4

energy

Answer 4

The ability to do work.

Question 5

joule

Answer 5

The SI unit of energy; equal to 1 Newton-meter of work.

It is a positive scalar quantity.

Question 6

kinetic energy

Answer 6

The energy of motion which depends only on the system’s mass and speed; a form of mechanical energy.

Question 7

mass energy

Answer 7

“The energy equivalent to matter itself, according to the equation in Einstein’s special theory of relativity, E = mc2.”

Question 8

magnetic energy

Answer 8

The ability of a magnetic field to do work on magnetic objects and on moving electrical charges.

Question 9

mechanical energy

Answer 9

The energy of a system due to its position or its motion.

Question 10

partial elastic collision

Answer 10

A collision between two objects in which momentum is conserved but some of their kinetic energies is lost to other forms of energy during the collision. The objects are slightly deformed but rebound.

Question 11

nuclear energy

Answer 11

The potential energy stored in an atom’s nucleus that is released or absorbed when an atom experiences nuclear fission or fusion.

Question 12

periodic motion

Answer 12

“Recurring back-and-forth or cyclical motion of a system in a regular time interval, called a period.”

Question 13

potential energy

Answer 13

The energy of a system due to its position or condition; a form of mechanical energy.

Question 14

efficiency

Answer 14

“For a machine or process, the ratio of energy or work produced to the energy or work present beforehand; a measure of the effectiveness of the machine or process for converting energy from one form to another.”

Question 15

elastic collision

Answer 15

A collision between two objects in which the momentums and kinetic energies of the colliding objects are conserved.

Question 16

acoustic energy

Answer 16

The transmission of energy through matter by the periodic motion of particles (mechanical waves).

Question 17

thermal energy

Answer 17

“The sum of the kinetic energies of all the particles in an object, directly proportional to the temperature of the object.”

Question 18

gravitational potential energy

Answer 18

The potential energy of a system due to its weight and its height above a zero reference height.

Question 19

elastic force

Answer 19

“A variable force exerted by an elastic object (e.g., a spring or a rubber band) that increases in proportion to the object’s deformation from its relaxed state; the source of elastic potential energy.”

Question 20

elastic potential energy

Answer 20

The potential energy of a system due to an elastic force acting on it and its distance from a zero reference position.

Question 21

electromagnetic radiant energy

Answer 21

“The combined action of electrical and magnetic energies in the form of wavelike, radiant energy.”

Question 22

First law of thermodynamics

energy conservation

Answer 22

“Law stating that energy and matter cannot be created or destroyed, only changed in form.”

Question 23

inelastic collision

Answer 23

“A collision between two objects in which the deformation is so severe that they stick together. While total momentum is conserved, total kinetic energy is greatly reduced by the amount of energy required to deform the objects.”

Question 24

Why is energy important?

Answer 24

It enables life processes.

Question 25

Energy can be exchanged for what 3 things?

Answer 25

Work, Matter, or other forms of energy.

Question 26

What conditions must exist for a system to have potential energy?

Answer 26

• position
• a force that has the potential to move the system from its current position.
• composition or condition of a system at the particle level.

Question 27

Upon what factors does a system’s kinetic energy depend?

Answer 27

It depends on mass and speed.

Question 28

(T/F) Energy cannot be defined because no one know what it is, only what it does.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Mechanical energy consists of _______ and _______.

Answer 29

Potential and kinetic energy.

Question 30

zero reference position

Answer 30

The location from which a system’s position is measured on a coordinate axis that is parallel to a force acting on the system.
Ex. An object influenced by gravity has a zero reference position at ground level.

Question 31

Gravitational potential energy

Answer 31

GPE = wh
w is weight (m*g) in Newtons
h object’s height above the zero reference position in meters.

Question 32

Kinetic energy

Answer 32

KE = 1/2mv2
m = mass in kg
v = speed squared in meters/second

Question 33

Oscillation

Answer 33

A back and forth motion.

Question 34

Fission

Answer 34

Large nuclei are split into two or more smaller nuclei.

Question 35

6c

Answer 35

delete this card

Question 36

How common are transformations of one kind of energy into anther?

Answer 36

They are every common.

Question 37

How complete is the transformation of one usable form of energy into anther usable form?

Answer 37

It is never totally complete because some energy will always be lost.

Question 38

What term describes the effectiveness of an energy transformation?

Answer 38

Efficiency.

Question 39

What is meant by conservation of energy?

Answer 39

Energy can only change form it can not be created or destroyed.

Question 40

What is the differences between linear momentum and kinetic energy?

Answer 40

Kinetic energy is the work a moving object is capable of and momentum is the force it caries.

Question 41

What are the three kinds of collisions? Which kind is the most common?

Answer 41

Elastic, Partially elastic, and Inelastic.

Question 42

(True or False) Two billiard balls colliding in outer space would be an example of an elastic collision.

Answer 42

True.