C12 Terms Flashcards
Back and forth motion
periodic motion
When a pendulum hangs strait down
rest position
The maximum distance the pendulum moves
amplitude
A repeated motion
cycle
The time it takes for one cycle
Period (T)
The rate of the cycles
frequency (f)
The force that keeps the system at its rest position
restoring force
The effect of friction on periodic motion
damping
When a object vibrates at its natural frequency
resonance
The frequency at which an oscillating object experiences resonance
natural frequency
A mass attached to an arm at a pivot point
pendulum
286 (facet)
Foucault pendulum
An oscillation in matter or mutually interacting electromagnetic fields that transfers energy from one place to anther
wave
A wave that travels through matter by the periodic motion of its particles
mechanical wave
The top of a wave
crest
The bottom of a wave
trough
The distance between two corresponding points on two waves
wavelength
The material a wave travels though
medium
A single wave cycle or a very short bust of waves
pulse
A wave in which the oscillations are at right angles to the directions of wave travel
transverse wave
A wave in which the oscillations are parallel to the direction of wave travel
longitudinal wave
In longitudinal waves regions of maximum particle density. A compression corresponds to the crest of a transverse wave
compression
In longitudinal waves regions of minimum particle density. A rarefaction corresponds to the trough of a transverse wave
rarefaction
Phenomenon of a wave bouncing off a surface
reflection
When a waves speed changes as it moves though a boundary between different media
refraction
The interaction of two or more intersecting waves resulting in a net waveform with an amplitude and periods different from those of the interacting waves
interference
When two waves join to form a larger wave
constructive interference
The internetaction of interfering waves resulting in a waveform with a smaller amplitude than those of the interfering waves
destructive interference
A waveform whose nodes appear to be stationary
standing waves
Node
nodes point in a standing wave that experiences on vertical displacement
When two waves combine to form a large wave
beat
When a wave moves around a corner
diffraction
The frequency differs if the receiving end is moving
Doppler effect
What is the mathematical relationship between an oscillating systems period and it’s frequency? What are the standard units for period? For frequency?
It Is he same. Seconds. Hertz
How does the mass of an oscillating system generally affect it’s frequency?
It decreases it
What happens to the amplitude of a real world periodic oscillations over time?
They slow down
Wha happens to an oscillating systems amplitude when it beings to resonate? What limits a resonating systems amplitude?
It stays the same. The energy coming in.
Describe the parts of an ideal pendulum.
The pivot point the arm and the mass at the end of the pendulum.
Who was the first European scientist who studied the pendulum?
Galileo
What factors affect the period of a pendulum? What property of a pendulum does not affect its period?
The length of the arm. It’s weight.
What two factors determine wave speed? Why does the speed of a wave on the surface of water differ from the speed of a sound wave in water
Wave length and frequency. Because sound travels faster in water than air
Describe the two kinds of mechanical waves.
When the vibration is at right angles to the direction of travel the wave is a transverse wave. I’d the vibration is parallel to the direction of wave movement it is a longitudinal wave.
In what two ways can a wave bend?
There is only one diffraction
