C8 Terms

Question 1

The study of how fluids flow and how forces and energy are transmitted through fluids

Answer 1

Fluid mechanics

Question 2

The ratio of forces to the area

Answer 2

Pressure (P)

Question 3

A pressure is exerted equally in all directions

Answer 3

Fluid pressure

Question 4

The SI base unit of pressure

Answer 4

pascal (Pa)

Question 5

Water pressure due to depth

Answer 5

hydrostatic pressure

Question 6

A thick walled glass tube filled with liquid mercury and sealed on one end

Answer 6

mercury barameter

Question 7

Contains a accordion like can filled with a low pressure gas

Answer 7

aneroid barometer

Question 8

Fluid pressures is measured with?

Answer 8

gauge

Question 9

An immersed object is lifted or buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displacement. This is called the buoyant force

Answer 9

Archimedes’ principle

Question 10

States that an immersed object is lifted up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

Answer 10

buoyant force

Question 11

Comparing the density of an object to the density of water

Answer 11

specific gravity

Question 12

Changes of pressure on a fluid are exerted equally throughout the fluid

Answer 12

Pascal’s principle

Question 13

Hydraulic machine

Answer 13

They produce MA by magnifying a small force on a confined liquid to make a large force on the load

Question 14

Hydraulics

Answer 14

Using a liquid to exert a force

Question 15

Bernoulli’s principle

Answer 15

Pressure In a pipe is related to he waters height and it’s velocity

Question 16

Venturi

Answer 16

A pressure meter that uses flow

Question 17

Lift

Answer 17

An upward force p

Question 18

Coanda effect

Answer 18

The diverting of the path of water flowing around a cylinder

Question 19

Air foil

Answer 19

Any surface that is designed to deflect air or create a force as it moves though the air

Question 20

Boyle’s law

Answer 20

The inverse relationship between the volume and pressure of a confined gas

Question 21

Charles law

Answer 21

The volume of a fixed amount of gas changes in the same way as it’s absolute temperature

Question 22

What property of fluids necessitated the development of fluid mechanics as an area of science separate from standard mechanics?

Answer 22

Because they have special physical properties such as lack of rigidity.

Question 23

How is pressure calculated?

Answer 23

Pressure is calculated using the formula

  F P=----
  A

Where
• P is pressure in newtons per square meter
• F is the net force acting perpendicular to the surface in newtons
• A is the total surface area over which the force is applied

Question 24

How does pressure change when each of its contributing factors is increased?

Answer 24

When force is increased the pressure rises. When the area is increased the pressure goes down.

Question 25

How does pressure exerted by a solid object on a surface differ from pressure exerted within a liquid or a gas?

Answer 25

Liquids and gases exert pressure in all directions and a solid can only exert a pressure in one direction

Question 26

What combination of SI units is the pascal equal to?

Answer 26

Newtons per square meter

Question 27

What pressure unit is used in weather prediction?

Answer 27

The bar

Question 28

What 2 factors affect the pressure in a fluid?

How does gravity affect each of these?

Answer 28

Depth and density

If there was no gravity the depth would not make a difference. Gravity pulls down on the particles and compresses the ones that are below the surface

Question 29

What 2 aspects of a fluid do not affect fluid pressure?

Answer 29

Shape and volume

Question 30

List the 3 kinds of buoyancy

Answer 30

Objects the float objects the sink, and objects that hover

Question 31

Why is specific gravity useful?

Answer 31

It is useful as an identifying property of substances especially solutions and other mixtures

Question 32

(T/F) If a mercury barometer were taken into a deep mine on a typical day, the mercury column would probably be taller than 760 mm.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What conditions must exist for pascal’s principle to be true?

Answer 33

The fluid must be totally contained

The fluid must be incompressible

Question 34

What is one way to compute the ideal MA of a simple hydraulic machine?

Answer 34

Divide the area of the resistance piston be the area of the effort piston

Question 35

What is the most important condition that must exist for a fluid to flow?

Answer 35

Pressure

Question 36

(True or false) A manually operated hydraulic jack applies the Bernoulli principle to amplify effort to do work.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

Research in gases lead to the acceptance of what principal theory of science.

Answer 37

The theory of particle matter

Question 38

What three factors contribute to gas pressure.

Answer 38

Temperature, the number of gas molecules in a volume of gas, and the number of collisions per second

Question 39

If the volume of a confined gas triples what happens to the gas’s pressure?

Answer 39

It will be one third of the original pressure

Question 40

When a confined gas experiences a temperature change which of the three factors from the question above could change the pressure of the gas?

Answer 40

The speed of the molecules

Question 41

(True or false) An oxygen molecule has eight times as much mass as a hydrogen one.

Answer 41

False