C9 - Crude oil and fuel

Question 1

Hydrocarbons

Answer 1

An organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.

Question 2

Fractions

Answer 2

Hydrocarbons with similar boiling points separated from crude oil.

Question 3

Distilation

Answer 3

Separation of a liquid from a mixture by evaporation followed by condensation.

Question 4

Alkanes

Answer 4

Saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n+2 e.g. Methane (CH4)

Question 5

Saturated hydrocarbons

Answer 5

A hydrocarbon in which all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds.

Question 6

Fractional distillation

Answer 6

Separation of many substances in a mixture by heating, using the fact that they have different boiling points.

Question 7

Complete combustion

Answer 7

Combustion continued until no further reaction with oxygen is possible, for example the combustion of alkanes in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.

Question 8

Incomplete combustion

Answer 8

Burning of carbon based fuels in limited oxygen to form carbon monoxide, rather that carbon dioxide; also called partial combustion.

Question 9

Cracking

Answer 9

The reaction used in the oil industry to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones. This occurs when the hydrocarbon vapour is either passed over a hot catalyst or mixed with steam and heating to a high temperature.

Question 10

Thermal decomposition

Answer 10

The breaking up of a chemical substance with heat into at least two chemical substances.

Question 11

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 11

A hydrocarbon with one or more double or triple bonds.

Question 12

Alkene

Answer 12

Unsaturated hydrocarbon which contains a carbon-carbon double bond. Its general formula is CnH2n e.g Ethene (C2H4).

Question 13

Double bond

Answer 13

A covalent bond made by the sharing of two pairs of electrons