C1/2 Periodic table and atomic structure Flashcards
Alkali metals
Group 1 elements
Atom
The smallest part of an element that can exist
Atomic nucleus
Positively charged objects composed of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom with one or more electrons orbiting it
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus
Chromatography
A separation technique used to separate a mixture of chemicals by distributing the components between two phases
Compound
A substance made up of two or more chemically combined elements
Crystallisation
A separation technique used to produce solid crystals from a solution by evaporation the solvent
Displacement
A chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound
Electron
Negatively charged subatomic particles which orbit the nucleus at various energy levels. Very small relative mass.
Electron shell
Different energy levels in atoms occupied by electrons
Element
A substance made up of only one type of atom
Filtration
A separation technique used to separate solids from liquids
Fraction distilation
A method of separating a mixture of substances according to their different boiling points
Group
The columns of the periodic table represent different groups of elements. Element with similar properties are in the same group.
Halogens
The elements in group 7 of the periodic table
Ion
An atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons
Isotope
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Mass number
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Metals
Elements that react to form positive ions
Mixture
A mixture consists of two or more elements that are not chemically combined but physically
Neutron
Neutral subatomic particles present in the nucleus of the atom
Noble gases
The elements in group 0 of the periodic table
Non metals
Elements that react to from negative ions.
Nuclear model
The nucleur atomic models stated that the mass was concentrated at the centre of the atom and that the nucleus was charged
Periodic table
Table of elements arranged in order of atomic number
Plum pudding model
Atomic model divided after the discovery of the electron. The model suggests the atom is a ball of positive charge with electrons scattered around it
Proton
Positively charged subatomic particle
Relative atomic mass
An average value that takes takes account the abundance of the isotopes of the element
Simple distilation
A procedure by which two liquids with different boiling points can be separated
Transition metals
The collection of metalic elements in the middle of the periodic table
