C5 - Chemical changes Flashcards
Metal ores
A mineral or rock that contains a useful substance that can be mined for profit
Oxidised
A chemical reaction that involves the loss of an electron. Oxidation often involves the addition of oxygen and the loss of hydrogen ions.
Reduced
A type of chemical reaction. When a compound is reduced it loses oxygen, gains hydrogen or electrons
Reactivity series
A list of the elements in the order of their reactivity
Displacement reactions
A type of chemical reaction in which one element reacts with a compound of a second element and the result is the second element and a compound of the first element
Ionic equation
An equation which shows what happens to the ions in a reaction
Half equations
An equation involving either an oxidation or a reduction process. The electrons lost or gained in this process are shown in the equation.
Neutralisation
A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base interact with the formation of a salt.
Salts
A salt is a compound formed when some or all of the hydrogen in an acid is replaced by a metal
Acid
A sour substance which can attack metal, clothing or skin. The chemical opposite of an alkali. When dissolved in water, its solution has a pH number less than 7. Acids are proton (H+ ion) donors.
Alkalis
A soluble base with a pH greater than 7. Makes OH- ions in water.
Bases
The oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of a metal that will react with an acid, forming a salt as one of the products. Bases are proton acceptors.
Weak acids
An acid that does not split completely into its ions in solutions and produces a low concentration of hydrogen ions.
Strong acids
An acid that splits completely into ions in solution and produces a high concentration of hydrogen ions
Hydrogen ions
A hydrogen atom without its electron. Acids release hydrogen ions when they dissolve in water
