C7

Question 1

___are aquatic drifting organisms which means they are incapable of swimming against the current and instead, go with the flow

Answer 1

Plankton

Question 2

Plankton comes from the Greek word __ which means ___

Answer 2

planktos;
drifting or floating

Question 3

microscopic; can be found both in marine and freshwater; also the foundation of the ocean food web.

Answer 3

plankton

Question 4

Plankton may be plant-like organisms, called___ or animal-like organisms, called___. In this way we classify the organisms based on___, not taxonomy.

Answer 4

phytoplankton;
zooplankton;
lifestyle

Question 5

Classification of Plankton
by trophic group (3)

Answer 5

Zooplankton;
Phytoplankton;
Bacterioplankton

Question 6

___are animal-like plankton. They are___, obtaining their energy by feeding on phytoplankton and other zooplankton. Most are eaten by larger zooplankton, fish and even whales.

Answer 6

Zooplankton;
consumers

Question 7

are plant-like planktons; primary producers; use energy from sun and carbon dioxide to produce their own food; are the base of aquatic food web

Answer 7

Phytoplanktons

Question 8

consist of bacteria and archaea; single celled producers and/or consumers and play an important role in recycling nutrients in the food web.

Answer 8

Bacterioplankton

Question 9

Classification of Plankton
by lifestyle (2)

Answer 9

Meroplankton;
Holoplankton

Question 10

___spend only a part of their life as plankton.

Answer 10

Meroplankton

Question 11

____spend their entire lives as plankton.

Answer 11

Holoplankton

Question 12

Classification of Plankton
by size (7)

Answer 12

Virioplankton (femto 0.02-0.2 μm)
Bacterioplankton ()
Mycoplankton ()
Phytoplankton ()
Protozooplankton ()
Metazooplankton ()
Nekton ()

Question 13

Like land plants, phytoplankton have___ to capture sunlight, and they use___ to turn it into chemical energy. They consume __, and release___. All phytoplankton photosynthesize, but some get additional energy by consuming other organisms.

Answer 13

chlorophyll;
photosynthesis;
carbon dioxide; oxygen;

Question 14

phytoplankton require some other minerals in addition to carbon dioxide to live. They get these other minerals, such as___, when colder water from the
lowers depths rises up to the surface of the water.

Answer 14

iron

Question 15

Phytoplankton only tend to live about a __ or __before they are either eaten or they die. In colder environments, they usually “____, when the most light hits the surface of the water.

Answer 15

day or two ;
bloom in the springtime

Question 16

When conditions are right, phytoplankton populations can grow explosively, a phenomenon known as a___.

Answer 16

bloom

Question 17

factors affecting the growth of phytoplanktons include Availability of ___, ___ and nutrients such as (4) at various levels depending on the species.

Answer 17

carbon dioxide, sunlight;
nitrate, phosphate, silicate, and calcium

Question 18

Some phytoplankton can fix___ and can grow in areas where___ concentrations are low

Answer 18

nitrogen;
nitrate

Question 19

Certain species of phytoplanktons produce powerful ___, making them responsible for the so-called ___ or harmful algal blooms

Answer 19

biotoxins;
red tide

Question 20

zooplankton is divided into two group

Answer 20

temporary plankton;
permanent plankton

Question 21

consists of planktonic eggs and larvae of members of the benthos and nekton; particularly abundant in coastal
areas, is characteristically seasonal in occurrence, though variations in spawning time of different species ensure its presence in all seasons.

Answer 21

Temporary plankton

Question 22

this plankton includes all animals that live their complete life cycles in a floating state; Representatives from nearly every phylum of the animal kingdom are found

Answer 22

permanent plankton

Question 23

Among the protozoans, planktonic___ and___ are so abundant and widespread that their skeletons constitute the bulk of bottom sediments over wide ocean areas. They are absent in___ water.

Answer 23

foraminiferans; radiolarians;
fresh

Question 24

The ciliate protozoans are represented mainly by the___, which are between 20 and 640 microns in size and sometimes occur in vast numbers. Among the planktonic coelenterates are the beautiful___ (e.g., Physalia, the Portuguese man-of-war) and the___.

Answer 24

tintinnids;
siphonophores; jellyfishes

Question 25

Planktonic ctenophores, called ___, or sea walnuts, are also common. ____ may be present in plankton in vast numbers during the___
seasons.

Answer 25

comb jellies;
Freshwater rotifers;
warmer

Question 26

important planktonic predators

Answer 26

marine arrow worms

Question 27

___, like dinoflagellates, have long flagella. They either absorb their food or engulf it in food___ or____.

Answer 27

Zooflagellates;
vacuoles/pockets

Question 28

__-are sometimes called the insects of the sea because there are so many of them, about 10,000 species! They can be found in fresh and salt water; very small, usually not more than a few millimeters long; largest source of protein in the ocean

Answer 28

Copepods

Question 29

largest copepod, the____, lives on the finback whale and can grow to be over a foot long! Copepods are___.

Answer 29

Pennellabalaenopterae
crustaceans

Question 30

They have two antenna, a shell and segmented bodies. They graze on phytoplankton and zooplankton.

Answer 30

copepod

Question 31

, one of the ocean’s smallest animals, is dinner for one of its largest, whales! There are about ___species, ranging in size from less than a quarter of an inch long to two inches long. They are__ like copepods. They often have bioluminescent organs. They can be found in the sunlit zone and in the twilight zone.

Answer 31

Krill; 82 ;
crustaceans;

Question 32

They are single celled producers and/or consumers and play an important role in recycling nutrients in the food web

Answer 32

bacterioplankton

Question 33

Like their counterparts on land, they consume waste products from other organisms. They can also photosynthesize for energy, and some species, such as those found by hydrothermal vents, are capable o f chemosynthesis. They are also eaten by zooplankton.Example is the___.

Answer 33

bacterioplankton;
cyanobacteria

Question 34

___occurs when predators release chemicals in the water that signal zooplankton, such as rotifers or cladocerans, to increase their spines and protective shields.

Answer 34

Cyclomorphosis