C3.4

Question 1

• is the ability of an object to float due to the support of the fluid the body is in or on

Answer 1

Buoyancy

Question 2

• secretes gases into a float that enables them to stay at the sea surface.

Answer 2

Jellyfish -like animals (Vellela &Physalla)

Question 3

• some secrete gas bubbles and form gas-filled floats that keep their fronds in the sunlit surface waters while anchored to the seafloor.

Answer 3

Seaweeds

Question 4

some stores intestinal gases - others forms bubble raft to which it clings

Answer 4

floating snails

Question 5

is a relative of squid; it continuously add chambers to its shell
and moves to the last chamber as it grows.

Answer 5

Chambered Nautilus

Question 6

what organism?

a specialized tissue removes the ions from the vacated chambers, causing water to diffuse out, then the chamber fils with gas nitrogen) from fluids.

Answer 6

Chambered Nautilus

Question 7

another relative of squid; has soft, porous, internal shell or “bone” of calcium carbonate.

Answer 7

Cuttlefish

Question 8

this animal regulates its buoyancy by controlling the relative amounts of gas (also mainly nitrogen) and liquid within the chambers of the shell

Answer 8

Cuttlefish

Question 9

many species of___ have internal swim bladders filed with gas N( and 0) that keep them neutrally buoyant.

Answer 9

fish

Question 10

what organism?

some fill their swim bladders by gulping air from the surface; others release gas from their blood through a gas gland to the swim bladder

Answer 10

fish

Question 11

fishes that do not have swim bladders. (4)

Answer 11

Mackerels, tuna, sharks, bottom fish

Question 12

Floating plants &animals store their food reserves as ___ that decrease their density and retard sinking.

Answer 12

oil droplets

Question 13

large surface area-to-volume ratios that slow sinking are characteristic of smal spheres, and single-celled organisms, particularly__ from this characteristic.

Answer 13

marine plants

Question 14

many marine plants have developed _____ (3)that increase the surface area and decrease their sinking rate, allowing to more easily remain at or near the sea surface

Answer 14

spines, ruffles, &feathery appendages

Question 15

decrease their body density and increase their flotation by storing large quantities of blubber which is a low-density fat.

Answer 15

whale, Sharks &Seals

Question 16

sharks and some fishes store___ in their ___ and ___

Answer 16

oil;
liver and muscle.

Question 17

this organisms float using fat deposits in combination with light bones and air sacs developed for flight.

Answer 17

seabirds

Question 18

seabirds’ feathers are waterproofed by an oily secretion called___ -which acts as a barrier to seal air between the feathers and the skin

Answer 18

preen

Question 19

important to keep birds warm and floating

Answer 19

preen

Question 20

Most fish have body fluids with salt concentration (___ppt) that is about halfway between that of freshwater and seawater (___ppt). Thus, in salt water, fishes tend to__ water

Answer 20

18;
35;
loss

Question 21

Fish must constantly expend energy to prevent ___ and an increase in the ____of their tissues.

Answer 21

dehydration;
salt concentration

Question 22

Fish stay in fluid balance by _____ nearly continuously and
excreting its salt across its gills.

Answer 22

drinking seawater

Question 23

Fish needs to overcome an _____

Answer 23

osmotic gradient

Question 24

____ do not have this problem, because their body fluids have the same approximate salt content as seawater, so there is no osmotic gradient.

Answer 24

Sharks and rays

Question 25

Sharks and rays maintain a high concentration of___ which, in return, this substance allows the tissues to__ water and keep body fluid at approximately the same ____ as seawater.

Answer 25

urea; retain; salt content

Question 26

their body fluids are also at the same salt concentration as the seawater.

Answer 26

sea cucumbers and sponges

Question 27

in sea cucumbers and sponges, there is no _____; the water diffuses equally in both directions across the membranes, and the salt content remains the _____ of the membranes.

Answer 27

concentration gradient; same on both sides

Question 28

Species may be limited in their geographic distribution by changes in____,

Answer 28

salinity

Question 29

Species living___ surface layers are____ dispersed due to little change in___ in deep water. Unlike, surface-dwelling forms which are more likely to find _____ in coastal waters.

Answer 29

below; widely; salinity; salinity barriers

Question 30

The temperature of the deep oceans is___ and nearly constant while at the surface and close to shore, the water temperature varies with ___ and _____

Answer 30

low; seasonal climate changes and geographic latitude zones.

Question 31

In ___, the surface water is cold, denser and more viscous, and organisms float more easily.

Answer 31

polar latitudes

Question 32

In ____, the warm, less-dense, less-viscous water is home for species with more ___, larger ____, and greater ___ for water here offers less___ (less resistance to sinking).

Answer 32

tropical latitudes; appendages; surface areas; gas-bubble production; buoyancy

Question 33

Classification of Organisms Based on Temperature: (2)

Answer 33

ectotherms; endotherms

Question 34

- organisms that do NOT have a mechanism to regulate their body temperatures.

Answer 34

Ectotherms

Question 35

___-their body temperatures vary with environmental conditions ____ organisms frequently grow more slowly, live longer, and attain a larger size.

Answer 35

ectotherms; Cold-water

Question 36

- organisms that maintain nearly constant body temperatures that are well above the temperature of the seawater like seabirds and mammals.

Answer 36

Endotherms

Question 37

since this kind of animals are restricted by water temperature, they often have a wider geographic ranges.

Answer 37

endotherms

Question 38

Organisms that do NOT have ___ or ___ are unaffected by pressure such as (3)

Answer 38

gas-filled cavities or lungs; worms, crustaceans and sea cucumbers.

Question 39

____ could collapse the chest cavities and lungs of organisms that contain them such as humans.

Answer 39

high pressure

Question 40

Diving organisms adapt to pressure by having ______ that reduces drag on their bodies which lessens their swimming effort and thereby, lowering their _____

Answer 40

streamlined body shape; oxygen consumption rate.

Question 41

Distribution and concentration of protein____ is another adaptation of diving mammals and birds.

Answer 41

myoglobin

Question 42

main function is to bind oxygen and is primarily found in muscles.

Answer 42

myoglobin

Question 43

=____ animals rely more on their myoglobin =diving mammals and birds is ___ times higher myoglobin concentration than their terrestrial relative.

Answer 43

diving; 3- 10;

Question 44

Plant life is restricted to___ zone; no photosynthesis occur in the___ zone

Answer 44

photic; aphotic

Question 45

interesting adaptation of some sponges found in areas with no direct sunlight is ____ with___ capable of photosynthesizing and producing___ nutrients.

Answer 45

mutualistic relationship; algae; organic

Question 46

___of the sponges has a cross-shaped antenna at its top this captures light and allows it to travel to the algae (______).

Answer 46

Spicules; light-guidance system

Question 47

marine organisms also adapt to light in terms of ___ and ___ in their bodies depending on the depth to where they are found.

Answer 47

coloration and pattern

Question 48

light penetrates deeper on___ waters causing fishes in this area to have ____

Answer 48

tropical; bright colors.

Question 49

Other fish conceal themselves with ____ and ___that disrupts the____ of the fish and may draw predators attention away from a vital area.

Answer 49

bright color bands and blotches; outline;

Question 50

Coloration may also signal warning such as _____ that signals sting, foul taste, or have sharp spines or poisonous flesh.

Answer 50

striped and splashed with color

Question 51

____, a color pattern that allows the fish to blend with the bottom when seen from above and with the surface when seen from below, is another adaptation of fishes to light

Answer 51

Countershading;