C2 Flashcards
Vertical zonation is based on ___
light penetration
oceans has two main divisions
pelagic;
benthic
the____, whole body region, and the___, bottom region
pelagic;
benthic
HORIZONTAL
ZONATION in THE SEA (3)
Intertidal zone;
Neritic Zone;
Oceanic Zone
- zone between high tides and low tides; also termed as the littoral zone
Intertidal zone
- zone where water overlies the continental shelf
Neritic Zone
- zone or region of open ocean beyond the continental shelf.
Oceanic Zone
- It is also referred as the littoral zone but is termed normally as the seashore or foreshore.
Intertidal zone
It is the zone between tidal marks, that is, above water during low tide and submerged during high tides.
Intertidal zone
Organisms in the___ zone are adapted to an environment of harsh extremes.
intertidal
A typical rocky shore can be divided into a___ zone or ___ zone (also known as the___ zone), which is above the spring high-tide line and is covered by water only during storms, and an___ zone, which lies between the high and low tidal extremes.
spray/ splash; supratidal;
intertidal
3 regions of Intertidal Zone
high;
middle;
low
- is only covered by the highest of the high tides, and spends much of its time as terrestrial habitat;
borders on the splash zone (the region above the highest still-tide level, but which receives wave splash).
High Intertidal Zone
- is regularly exposed and submerged by average tides
Middle Intertidal Zone
- which borders on the shallow subtidal zone, is only exposed to air at the lowest of low tides and is primarily marine in character
Low Intertidal Zone
On shores exposed to heavy wave action, the intertidal zone wil be influenced by___, as the spray from breaking waves wil extend the intertidal zone
waves
On rocky shores, ____ form in depressions that fil with water as the tide rises.
tide pools
region is mostly submerged; teeming with life; great biodiversity.
Low Intertidal Zone
Creatures in this area can grow to larger sizes as well as marine vegetation can
grow in greater sizes when compared to the other 3 subregions.
Low Intertidal Zone
VERTICAL ZONATIONS NI THE SEA (2)
photic zone;
aphotic zone
- zone that is from the surface to about 200 m where there is a sharp gradient of illumination, temperature, and salinity
Photic Zone
zone from 200m down the ocean where light cannot penetrate through; “dark zone”
aphotic zone
Pelagic Zone Layers (5)
Epipelagic
Mesopelagic
Bathypelagic
Abyssopelagic
Hadalpelagic
The surface layer of the ocean is known as the ___ zone and extends from the surface to 200 meters (656 feet).
Epipelagic zone
It is also known as the sunlight zone because this is where most of the visible light exists.
Epipelagic zone
this pelagic zone extends from 200 meters (656 feet) to 1000 meters (3281 feet).
Mesopelagic Zone
The mesopelagic zone is sometimes referred to as the ___ or ___
twilight zone or the midwater zone.
The light that penetrates to this depth is extremely faint. It is in this zone that we begin to see the twinkling lights of bioluminescent creatures. Agreat diversity of strange and bizarre fishes can be found here.
Mesopelagic zone
The Bathypelagic is sometimes referred to as the ___ or ____
midnight zone or the dark zone.
This zone extends from 1000 meters (3281 feet) down to 4000 meters
(13,124 feet). Here the only visible light is that produced by the creatures themselves.
Bathypelagic zone
The water pressure at this depth is immense, reaching ___ pounds per square inch.
- In spite of the pressure, a surprisingly large number of creatures can be found here.___ can dive down ot this level in search of food. Most of the animals that live at these depths are ___ or ___ in color due to the lack of light.
Bathypelagic zone;
5,850;
sperm whales;
black or red
The abyssopelagic zone is also known as the___ zone or simply as the___.
abyssal;
abyss
this zone extends from 4000 meters (13,124 feet) to 6000 meters (19,686 feet).
Abyssopelagic Zone
the name abyss comes from a Greek word meaning “___”.
no bottom
The water temperature is near freezing, and there is no light at all.
- Very few creatures can be found at these crushing depths. Most of these are invertebrates such as ____ and ____
abyssopelagic zone;
basket stars and tiny squids.
___ of the ocean floor lies within this zone. The deepest fish ever discovered was found in the ____ at a depth of ____
Three-quarters;
Puerto Rico Trench; 27,460 feet (8,372 meters).
This layer extends from 6000 meters (19,686 feet) to the bottom of the deepest parts of the ocean.
Hadalpelagic zone
These areas are mostly found in deep water trenches and canyons.
Hadalpelagic zone
The deepest point in the ocean is located in the___ Trench of the coast of__ at ___
Mariana;
Japan;
35,797 feet (10,911 meters).
The temperature of the water is just above freezing, and the pressure is an incredible ___ tons per square inch. That is approximately the weight of 48
Boeing 747 jets.
- In spite of the pressure and temperature, life can still be found here. Invertebrates such as___ and ____ can thrive at these depths
eight;
starfish and tube worms
