C4 - Agricultural Waste Characteristics

Question 1

valuable assets in waste management system planning
and design and should be used where possible (OTD)

Answer 1

Onsite waste sampling, Testing, and Data collection

Question 2

Characteristics of “as excreted” manure are
greatly influenced by the effects of ____. (WSSDDS)

Answer 2

weather, season,
species, diet, degree of confinement, and stage of the
production/reproduction cycle.

Question 3

Characteristics of
stored and treated wastes are strongly affected by
such actions as___.

Answer 3

sedimentation, flotation, and biological
degradation in storage and treatment facilities.

Question 4

The first four physical properties that are important to agricultural producers and facility planners and designers.

Answer 4

weight (Wt), volume
(Vol), total solids (TS), and moisture content
(MC)

Question 5

The first three of the chemical constituents that are also of great value to waste systems planners, producers, and designers.

Answer 5

nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K

Question 6

It is the primary waste utilization procedure, and
N, P, and K are the principal components considered
in development of an agricultural waste management
plan

Answer 6

Land application of agricultural
waste

Question 7

are sometimes referred to, respectively, as total volatile solids (TVS) and total fixed solids (TFS)

Answer 7

Volatile solids and fixed solids

Question 8

Quantity or mass. Scale or balance.

Answer 8

Weight

Question 9

Space occupied in cubic units. Place in or compare to container of known volume; calculate from
dimensions of containment facility

Answer 9

Volume

Question 10

That part of a waste material removed by evaporation and oven drying at 217 °F (103 °C).

Answer 10

Moisture Content

Question 11

Residue remaining after water is removed from waste material by evaporation; dry matter.

Answer 11

Total Solids

Question 12

That part of total solids driven off as volatile (combustible) gases when heated to 1112 °F (600 °C), organic matter

Answer 12

volatile solids

Question 13

That part of total solids remaining after volatile gases driven off at 1112 °F (600 °C); ash.

Answer 13

fixed solids

Question 14

That part of total solids passing through the filter in a filtration procedure.

Answer 14

dissolved solids

Question 15

That part of total solids removed by a filtration procedure.

Answer 15

suspended solids

Question 16

Both NH3 and NH4 nitrogen compounds.

Answer 16

ammoniacal nitrogen

Question 17

A gaseous form of ammoniacal nitrogen.

Answer 17

ammonia nitrogen NH3-N

Question 18

The positively ionized (cation) form of ammoniacal nitrogen.

Answer 18

ammonium nitrogen

Question 19

The sum of organic nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen

Answer 19

total (kjeldahl? naa sa pdf huhu) nitrogen

Question 20

The negatively ionized (anion) form of nitrogen that
is highly mobile.

Answer 20

nitrate nitrogen

Question 21

The summation of nitrogen from all the various nitrogen compounds listed above

Answer 21

total nitrogen

Question 22

Acid-forming element that combines readily with oxygen to form the oxide P2O5. As a plant nutrient, it promotes rapid growth, hastens maturity, and stimulates flower,
seed, and fruit production.

Answer 22

phosphorus P

Question 23

As a plant nutrient, available potassium stimulates the growth of strong stems, imparts resistance to disease, increases the yield of tubers and seed, and is
necessary to form starch, sugar, and oil and transfer them through plants.

Answer 23

Potassium K

Question 24

That quantity of oxygen needed to satisfy biochemical oxidation of organic matter in waste sample in 5 days at 68 °F (20 °C).(BOD5)

Answer 24

5-day biochemical oxygen demand

Question 25

Measure of oxygen consuming capacity of organic and some inorganic components of waste materials. (COD)

Answer 25

chemical oxygen demand

Question 26

refers to combinations of feces and urine only

Answer 26

manute

Question 27

refers to combinations of feces and urine only

Answer 27

manure

Question 28

includes manure plus other material, such as bedding, soil, wasted feed, and water that is wasted or used for sanitary and flushing purposes

Answer 28

waste

Question 29

is a specific form of poultry waste that results from “floor” production of birds after an initial layer of a bedding material, such as wood shavings, is placed on the floor at the beginning of and perhaps during the production cycle

Answer 29

litter

Question 30

Waste production from livestock is expressed in ___ of livestock live weight

Answer 30

pounds per day per 1,000 pounds

Question 31

Foreign material commonly added to manure in the production facility are__

Answer 31

1) bedding (litter), 2) wasted and spilled feed and water, 3) flush water, 4) rainfall, 5) soil.

Question 32

The resulting combination of manure and foreign material is called __

Answer 32

waste

Question 33

has a great influence on the organic content of manure. Feed consumed by animals is 50 to 90 percent digested, but spilled feed is undigested

Answer 33

wasted feed

Question 34

another natural adulterant of livestock manure. Its presence is most common on dairies on which the cows have access to paddocks and pastures

Answer 34

soil

Question 35

adheres to the cows’ bodies in limited amounts.

Answer 35

dry soil

Question 36

adheres even more, and either falls off or is washed off at the dairy barn

Answer 36

dry soil or mud

Question 37

The characteristics of these solid wastes vary widely because of such factors as climate, diet, feedlot surface, animal density, and cleaning frequency.

Answer 37

beef waste

Question 38

have been widely studied, and much has been reported on swine manure properties

Answer 38

Swine waste and waste management systems

Question 39

the upper liquid layer, of properly operating swine lagoons is often brownish, chocolate, or purple

Answer 39

supernatant

Question 40

Because of the high degree of industry integration, standardized rations, and complete confinement, layer and broiler manure characteristics vary less than those of other species. ___ production is approaching the same status.

Answer 40

turkey

Answer 41

Sanitation in this production is an extremely important factor, and waste management facilities should be planned for handling as much as 3 gallons of wash water per day per calf.

Question 42

"As excreted" manure characteristics for ____are limited to those for the feeder lamb

Answer 42

sheep

Question 43

large amounts of bedding are used in the stables of most ____, qualities and quantities of wastes from these stables generally are dominated by the kind and volume of bedding used.

Answer 43

horses

Question 44

The properties refer only to the feces; no urine has been included.

Answer 44

rabbit manure

Question 45

is an effective method of manure collection and handling, but relatively large quantities of water are used.

Answer 45

Hydraulic manure transport, or flush cleaning