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Waste Management > C4 - Agricultural Waste Characteristics > Flashcards

C4 - Agricultural Waste Characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

valuable assets in waste management system planning
and design and should be used where possible (OTD)

A

Onsite waste sampling, Testing, and Data collection

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2
Q

Characteristics of “as excreted” manure are
greatly influenced by the effects of ____. (WSSDDS)

A

weather, season,
species, diet, degree of confinement, and stage of the
production/reproduction cycle.

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3
Q

Characteristics of
stored and treated wastes are strongly affected by
such actions as___.

A

sedimentation, flotation, and biological
degradation in storage and treatment facilities.

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4
Q

The first four physical properties that are important to agricultural producers and facility planners and designers.

A

weight (Wt), volume
(Vol), total solids (TS), and moisture content
(MC)

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5
Q

The first three of the chemical constituents that are also of great value to waste systems planners, producers, and designers.

A

nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K

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6
Q

It is the primary waste utilization procedure, and
N, P, and K are the principal components considered
in development of an agricultural waste management
plan

A

Land application of agricultural
waste

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7
Q

are sometimes referred to, respectively, as total volatile solids (TVS) and total fixed solids (TFS)

A

Volatile solids and fixed solids

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8
Q

Quantity or mass. Scale or balance.

A

Weight

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9
Q

Space occupied in cubic units. Place in or compare to container of known volume; calculate from
dimensions of containment facility

A

Volume

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10
Q

That part of a waste material removed by evaporation and oven drying at 217 °F (103 °C).

A

Moisture Content

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11
Q

Residue remaining after water is removed from waste material by evaporation; dry matter.

A

Total Solids

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12
Q

That part of total solids driven off as volatile (combustible) gases when heated to 1112 °F (600 °C), organic matter

A

volatile solids

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13
Q

That part of total solids remaining after volatile gases driven off at 1112 °F (600 °C); ash.

A

fixed solids

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14
Q

That part of total solids passing through the filter in a filtration procedure.

A

dissolved solids

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15
Q

That part of total solids removed by a filtration procedure.

A

suspended solids

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16
Q

Both NH3 and NH4 nitrogen compounds.

A

ammoniacal nitrogen

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17
Q

A gaseous form of ammoniacal nitrogen.

A

ammonia nitrogen NH3-N

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18
Q

The positively ionized (cation) form of ammoniacal nitrogen.

A

ammonium nitrogen

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19
Q

The sum of organic nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen

A

total (kjeldahl? naa sa pdf huhu) nitrogen

20
Q

The negatively ionized (anion) form of nitrogen that
is highly mobile.

A

nitrate nitrogen

21
Q

The summation of nitrogen from all the various nitrogen compounds listed above

A

total nitrogen

22
Q

Acid-forming element that combines readily with oxygen to form the oxide P2O5. As a plant nutrient, it promotes rapid growth, hastens maturity, and stimulates flower,
seed, and fruit production.

A

phosphorus P

23
Q

As a plant nutrient, available potassium stimulates the growth of strong stems, imparts resistance to disease, increases the yield of tubers and seed, and is
necessary to form starch, sugar, and oil and transfer them through plants.

A

Potassium K

24
Q

That quantity of oxygen needed to satisfy biochemical oxidation of organic matter in waste sample in 5 days at 68 °F (20 °C).(BOD5)

A

5-day biochemical oxygen demand

25
Q

Measure of oxygen consuming capacity of organic and some inorganic components
of waste materials. (COD)

A

chemical oxygen demand

26
Q

refers to
combinations of feces and urine only

A

manute

27
Q

refers to
combinations of feces and urine only

A

manure

28
Q

includes manure plus other material, such as bedding, soil, wasted feed, and water that is wasted or used for sanitary and flushing purposes

A

waste

29
Q

is a specific
form of poultry waste that results from “floor”
production of birds after an initial layer of a bedding
material, such as wood shavings, is placed on the floor
at the beginning of and perhaps during the production
cycle

A

litter

30
Q

Waste production from livestock is expressed in ___ of livestock live
weight

A

pounds per day per 1,000 pounds

31
Q

Foreign material commonly added to manure in the
production facility are__

A

1) bedding (litter),
2) wasted
and spilled feed and water,
3) flush water,
4) rainfall,
5) soil.

32
Q

The resulting combination of
manure and foreign material is called __

A

waste

33
Q

has a great influence on the organic
content of manure. Feed consumed by animals is 50 to
90 percent digested, but spilled feed is undigested

A

wasted feed

34
Q

another natural adulterant of livestock manure.
Its presence is most common on dairies on which the
cows have access to paddocks and pastures

A

soil

35
Q

adheres to the cows’ bodies in limited amounts.

A

dry soil

36
Q

adheres even more, and either falls off or
is washed off at the dairy barn

A

dry soil or mud

37
Q

The characteristics of these
solid wastes vary widely because of such factors as climate, diet, feedlot surface, animal density, and cleaning frequency.

A

beef waste

38
Q

have been widely studied, and much has been reported on swine manure properties

A

Swine waste and waste management systems

39
Q

the upper liquid layer, of properly operating swine lagoons is often
brownish, chocolate, or purple

A

supernatant

40
Q

Because of the high degree of industry integration, standardized rations, and complete confinement, layer and broiler manure characteristics vary less than those of other species. ___ production is approaching the same status.

A

turkey

41
Q
A

Sanitation in this production
is an extremely important factor, and waste management facilities should be planned for handling as much as 3 gallons of wash water per day per calf.

42
Q

“As excreted” manure characteristics for ____are limited to those for the feeder lamb

A

sheep

43
Q

large amounts of bedding are used in
the stables of most ____, qualities and quantities of wastes from these stables generally are dominated by
the kind and volume of bedding used.

A

horses

44
Q

The properties refer only to the feces; no urine
has been included.

A

rabbit manure

45
Q

is an effective method of manure collection and handling,
but relatively large quantities of water are used.

A

Hydraulic manure transport, or flush cleaning

Waste Management (8 decks)

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