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Waste Management > C10 - Agricultural Waste Management System Component Design > Flashcards

C10 - Agricultural Waste Management System Component Design Flashcards

1
Q

A _____ can be a piece of equipment, such as a
pump; a structure, such as a waste storage tank; or an operation, such as composting.

A

component

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2
Q

examples of components that reduce the volume
of waste material that needs management

A

Roof gutters and downspouts

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3
Q

Fences and walls that facilitate collection of waste confine the cattle, thus _____ the volume.

A

increase

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4
Q

should be diverted from feedlots and
manure storage areas unless it is needed for some use, such as dilution water for waste storage ponds or treatment lagoons.

A

roof runoff

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5
Q

The area of a roof that can be served by a gutter and
downspout system is controlled by ____

A

either the flow capacity of the gutter (channel flow) or by the capacity of the downspout (orifice flow)

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6
Q

The gutter’s capacity may be computed using _____.

A

Manning’s equation

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7
Q

Design of a gutter and downspout system is based on
the runoff from a ____ frequency, _____ rainfall
except that a _____ frequency, _____ rainfall is
used for exclusion of roof runoff from waste treatment
lagoons, waste storage ponds, or similar practices.

A

10-year; 5-minute; 25-year; 5-minute

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8
Q

Components that provide efficient collection of animal waste include

A

paved alleys, gutters, and slatted floors with associated mechanical
and hydraulic equipment

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9
Q

are paved areas where the animals walk. They
generally are arranged in straight lines between animal
feeding and bedding areas.

A

ALLEYS

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10
Q

On _____, animal
hoofs work the manure through the slats into the
alleys below, and the manure is collected by flushing
or scraping the alleys.

A

slatted floors

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11
Q

is dedicated to a
given alley. It is propelled using electrical drives
attached by cables or chains.

A

MECHANICAL SCRAPER

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12
Q

can be used in irregularly shaped
alleys and open areas where mechanical scrapers
cannot function properly.

A

TRACTOR SCRAPER

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13
Q

depends on the desires of the
producer and the width of available equipment.

A

WIDTH OF ALLEYS

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14
Q

typically vary from 8 to 14 feet for
dairy and beef cattle and from 3 to 8 feet for swine
and poultry.

A

scrape alley widths

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15
Q

Alleys that can also be cleaned by flushing.

A

flush alleys

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16
Q

is critical
and can vary between 1.25 and 5 percent. It may
change for long flush alleys.

A

grade

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17
Q

The alley should be level
______ to the centerline.

A

perpendicular

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18
Q

The length and width of the flush alley are also factors. Most flush alleys should be less than ____ long.

A

200 feet

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19
Q

should be cleaned at least
twice per day.

A

flush alleys and gutter

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20
Q

can be used to control flushing devices.

A

float switches

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21
Q

In some parts of the country where wastewater is
recycled from lagoons for flush water, salt crystals
(_____) may form inside pipes and pumps and cause decreased flow.

A

struvite

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22
Q

_____ are narrow trenches used to collect animal
waste. They are often employed in confined stall or
stanchion dairy barns and in some swine facilities.

A

Gutters

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23
Q

which are also known as gravity
gutters or gravity flow channels, provide a simple
alternative for collecting dairy manure

A

Step-dam gutters

24
Q

are frequently used in confined stall
dairy barns. The gutters are 16 to 24 inches wide, 12 to 16 inches deep, and generally do not have any bottom slope.

A

scrape gutters

25
Q

are powered by electric
motors and are used in continuous loops to service
one or more rows of stalls.

A

Chain and flight scrapers

26
Q

Common slat openings range from ____, depending on animal type.

A

3/8 inch to 1 3/4 inches

27
Q

For swine, openings between _____ are not recommended.

A

3/8 and 3/4 inch

28
Q

________ are designed to support the weight of the slats plus the live loads (animals, humans, and mobile equipment) expected for the particular facility.

A

Slats

29
Q

is required in concrete slats to provide needed strength.

A

reinforcing steel

30
Q

Many factors are involved in determining the storage
period. They include the ______________________

A

weather, crop, growing season, equipment availability, soil, soil condition, labor requirements, and management flexibility

31
Q

ponds are earthen impoundments used to
retain manure, bedding, and runoff liquid.

A

waste storage

32
Q

_________ can be used for manure that will stack and can be handled by solid manure handling equipment.

A

Waste storage structures

33
Q

The primary materials used in constructing timber
structures for solids storage are ___________

A

pressure-treated or
rot-resistant wood and reinforced concrete

34
Q

Factors to consider in the design of storage facilities
for solids include _________________

A

type, number and size of animals,
number of days storage desired, and the amount of
bedding that will be added to the manure

35
Q

He selected an alternative that includes solid manure storage for his 100 Holstein milking cows
and 52 heifers. His nutrient management plan indicates the need for 90 days storage.

A

Mr. Ralph Kilpatrick

36
Q

The animal descriptions,
average weight, and numbers are entered on lines 1
and 2. The number of equivalent animal units for each animal type is calculated and entered on line 4.

A

manure production

37
Q

is the sum of the bedding volume for all animal types.

A

total bedding volume (TBV)

38
Q

is the sum of the total manure production (TVM)
and the total bedding volume (TBV).

A

total waste volume (WV) (line
16)

39
Q

should be calculated from soil strength values determined from results of appropriate soil tests.

A

lateral earth pressure

40
Q

____ is frequently the least expensive type
of storage; however, certain restrictions, such as
limited space availability, high precipitation, water
table, permeable soils, or shallow bedrock, can limit
the types of storage considered.

A

Earthen storage

41
Q

are used to unload storage ponds

A

Gravity pipes, pumping platforms, and ramps

42
Q

____ are used in many cases to compensate for site conditions or improve operation of the pond.

A

Pond liners

43
Q

___ can be constructed of metal, concrete, or wood.

A

Liquid manure storage tanks

44
Q

____ can be loaded
using slatted floors, push-off ramps, gravity pipes or
gutters, or pumps.

A

Below-ground tanks

45
Q

____ are typically
loaded by a pump moving the manure from a reception pit.

A

Aboveground tanks

46
Q

_____ can be from the top or bottom of the
tank depending on such factors as desired agitation,
minimized pumping head, weather conditions, and
system management.

A

Tank loading

47
Q

The primary materials used to
construct manure tanks are

A

reinforced concrete,
metal, and wood.

48
Q

Liquid waste storage ponds and structures
should be sized to hold all of the manure, bedding, wastewater from milkhouse, flushing, and contaminated runoff that can be expected during the storage period.

A

Sizing

49
Q

Waste storage ponds must not allow
excess seepage.

A

Pond sealing

50
Q

is the total volume of waste
material that will be stored including total manure
(TVM), total wastewater (TWW), and total bedding
volume (TBV).

A

Waste volume

51
Q

The desired depth is the
total planned depth based on such considerations as
foundation condition, tank wall design, and standard
drawing depth available.

A

Total depth available

52
Q

are widely accepted in the United
States for the treatment of animal waste. Anaerobic

A

Anaerobic lagoons

53
Q

___ is an important consideration in the
design. This can be accomplished by agitating the
lagoon and pumping out the mixed sludge or by using
a drag-line for removing floating or settled sludge.

A

Sludge removal

54
Q

This type of
design is used to convert an anaerobic lagoon to an
aerobic condition, or as an alternative, to a naturally
aerated lagoon that would otherwise need to be much
larger.

A

Mechanically aerated lagoon

55
Q

The _________
floats on the surface of the lagoon, lifting water into the
air, thus assuring an air-water mixture.

A

Surface pump

56
Q

The _________ pumps air through water, but is generally less
economical to operate than the surface pump.

A

diffused air
system

Waste Management (8 decks)

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