C11.3 Natural polymers and C11.4 DNA

Question 1

What are Carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 1

Oxygen - hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 2

What is the most common sugar?

Answer 2

Glucose (C6 H12 O6)

Question 3

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 3

Made up one sugar unit

Question 4

What are glucose molecules made up of?

Answer 4

5 membered rings

Question 5

What are fractose molecules made up of?

Answer 5

6 membered rings

Question 6

How is sucrose made ?

Answer 6

Made from a glucose and fructose molecule bonded together via a condensation reaction in which H2O is lost when making the link

Question 7

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 7

Lots of monosaccharide monomers

Question 8

How is starch and glucose made?

Answer 8

Made from glucose monomers joined in condensation polymerisation

Question 9

Why does cellulose have stronger intermolecular forces than starch?

Answer 9

Starch is made up of branched chains, whereas cellulose is made up of straight chains - meaning they can line up neatly to one another
Therefore forming stronger intermolecular forces between the polymer chains

Question 10

Are proteins natural polymers?

Answer 10

Yes as they are made up of different types of acid monomers

Question 11

What do plants use starch for?

Answer 11

As energy stores

Question 12

What do plants use cellulose for?

Answer 12

To give and strengthen the plant’s structure

Question 13

What are the monomers of proteins called?

Answer 13

Amino acids

Question 14

How many functional groups do amino acids have?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

What functional groups do amino acids contain?

Answer 15

One basic - (the amine group - NH(2)

One acidic - (The carboxylic group - COOH)

Question 16

What is the simplest amino acid called?

Answer 16

Glycine

which Has one COOH branch and one NH2 branch

Question 17

How do the glycine molecules react together?

Answer 17

The OH gets removed to join with the next NH and the H also gets removed
forming a 2(H2O) molecule

Question 18

How is a polypeptide molecule formed?

Answer 18

Made from glycine molecules joining together

Question 19

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 19

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 20

How is DNA made?

Answer 20

By the condensation polymerisation of repeating units of monomers called nucletotides
So DNA is known as polynucleotide + Water

Question 21

What do millions of nucleotides make?

Answer 21

DNA + Water

Question 22

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 22

Consists of a double helix made up of two long polymer strands of nucletodies
The 2 strands run in opposite directions to each other
Held in places by intermolecular forces

Question 23

What does a nucleotide contain?

Answer 23

A phosphate a base ( A-T or C-G) and a sugar(deoxyribose)