C1-Psychodynamic Approach-Debate

Question 1

In the debate of mothers should be primary caregiver, in the evolutionary perspective, what are reasons for?(1)

Answer 1

-mother as a source of food, NHS recommend breastfeeding as it results in nutrition and bonding, parenting investment theory, a learn association (conditioning)

Question 2

In the debate of mothers should be primary caregiver, in the evolutionary perspective, what are reasons against?(2)

Answer 2

• infants dont necessarily bond with mothers due to food resources alone (Harlows monkeys)
• a father can also provide food and comfort

Question 3

In the debate of mothers should be primary caregiver, in material deprivation, what are reasons for?(1)

Answer 3

-Bowlby showed the last effects of early separation from mother eg becoming potentially affectionless

Question 4

In the debate of mothers should be primary caregiver, in the freudian perspective, what are reasons against?(2)

Answer 4

• temporal validity of the psychosexual stage as the norms have changed since the theory was developed
• theory also recognises that the father also contributes to development (oedipus complex)- recent research shows fathers are important

Question 5

In the debate of mothers should be primary caregiver, in the freudian perspective, what are reasons for?(1)

Answer 5

-psychosexual stages- importance of mothers in the ‘oral’ stage as it satisifes the needs of their libido, influence on later development/relationships

Question 6

In the debate of mothers should be primary caregiver, in fathers as primary caregivers, what are reasons against?(2)

Answer 6

• men are able to form close attachment to their child
• Shan Geo et al 2016 performed a study on oxytocin differences in males and females in response to social cues and stimili and found there was a more positive reaction in women and more negative in men

Question 7

In the debate of mothers should be primary caregiver, in fathers as primary caregivers, what are reasons for?(1)

Answer 7

-oestrogen underlies caring behaviour- biological perspective, men are less sensitive to infant emotional cues

Question 8

What are ethical, social and economical arguements in the debate of mothers should be primary caregivers?(2S,2W)

Answer 8

+stereotyping womens role
+ cost of childcare- someone has to be home
-shared role of parents recognised in new maternity/paternity leave legislation
-changing stereotypes

Question 9

In the debate if mothers should be primary caregiver, in material deprivation, what are reasons against?(1)

Answer 9

-Bowlby acknowledged that the ‘mother figure’ didnt actually have to be the mothers, but could be any significant caregiver