C1-Behaviourist Approach- Assumptions Flashcards

1
Q

In the assumption of behaviour learned through conditioning, what is operant conditioning?(6)

A
  • specific consequences are associated with voluntary behaviour
  • 4 types of consequence
  • reinforcement-increases behaviour
  • punishment- decreases behaviour
  • positive is where something is given
  • negative is where something is taken away
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2
Q

What are the assumptions?(3)

A
  • Tabula rasa(blank slate)
  • behaviour learned through conditioning
  • humans and animals learn in similiar ways
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3
Q

What is the assumption of Tabula rasa(blank slate)?(3)

A
  • born neutral with no inherent personality and emotions don’t drive our behaviour
  • believes human behaviour should be studied scientifically
  • ‘environmental determinism’- our personality and behaviour is determined by our environment- no free will over our behaviour
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4
Q

In the assumption of behaviour learned through conditioning, what is classical conditioning?(3)

A
  • before conditioning: food is an unconditioned stimulus and salvation is the unconditioned response
  • during conditioning: neutral stimulus such as bell, is presented alongside the UCS which is repeated several times which causes UCR which is where association occurs
  • after conditioning: bell is now conditioned stimulus which produces a new conditioned response of salvation
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5
Q

What is the assumption of humans and animals learn in similar ways?(3)

A
  • operant and classical conditioning can apply to humans and animals
  • eg Pavlov and salvation
  • token economy system is an example where desirable behaviour is forced with tokens that can be exchanged for rewards such as cigarettes
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6
Q

In the assumption of behaviour learned through conditioning, what are the two types of conditioning?(2)

A
  • operant conditoning- learning through consequences

- classical conditioning- learning by association

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7
Q

When applying the behavioural assumptions to criminal behaviour, what assumptions can be applied?(2)

A
  • blank slate

- conditioning

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8
Q

In applying behaviourist assumptions to criminal behaviour, how can ‘blank slate’ be applied to social explanations?(2)

A
  • gender socialisation- socialising

- SLT-observation of role models ie vicarious reinforcement

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9
Q

In applying behaviourist assumptions to criminal behaviour, how can ‘conditioning’ be applied to social explanations?(2)

A
  • classical : S-R association between criminal behaviour and gains
  • operant: reward (+) and escape (-)
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