C1-Behaviourist Approach- Assumptions Flashcards
In the assumption of behaviour learned through conditioning, what is operant conditioning?(6)
- specific consequences are associated with voluntary behaviour
- 4 types of consequence
- reinforcement-increases behaviour
- punishment- decreases behaviour
- positive is where something is given
- negative is where something is taken away
What are the assumptions?(3)
- Tabula rasa(blank slate)
- behaviour learned through conditioning
- humans and animals learn in similiar ways
What is the assumption of Tabula rasa(blank slate)?(3)
- born neutral with no inherent personality and emotions don’t drive our behaviour
- believes human behaviour should be studied scientifically
- ‘environmental determinism’- our personality and behaviour is determined by our environment- no free will over our behaviour
In the assumption of behaviour learned through conditioning, what is classical conditioning?(3)
- before conditioning: food is an unconditioned stimulus and salvation is the unconditioned response
- during conditioning: neutral stimulus such as bell, is presented alongside the UCS which is repeated several times which causes UCR which is where association occurs
- after conditioning: bell is now conditioned stimulus which produces a new conditioned response of salvation
What is the assumption of humans and animals learn in similar ways?(3)
- operant and classical conditioning can apply to humans and animals
- eg Pavlov and salvation
- token economy system is an example where desirable behaviour is forced with tokens that can be exchanged for rewards such as cigarettes
In the assumption of behaviour learned through conditioning, what are the two types of conditioning?(2)
- operant conditoning- learning through consequences
- classical conditioning- learning by association
When applying the behavioural assumptions to criminal behaviour, what assumptions can be applied?(2)
- blank slate
- conditioning
In applying behaviourist assumptions to criminal behaviour, how can ‘blank slate’ be applied to social explanations?(2)
- gender socialisation- socialising
- SLT-observation of role models ie vicarious reinforcement
In applying behaviourist assumptions to criminal behaviour, how can ‘conditioning’ be applied to social explanations?(2)
- classical : S-R association between criminal behaviour and gains
- operant: reward (+) and escape (-)