C1 Chemistry Flashcards
What is an Atom?
An Atom is the smallest part of a substance that exists.
What is an Ion?
Ions are particles that contain a Different Numbers of Protons and Electrons.
What is an Isotope?
Isotope contain the same number of Protons and Electrons,but a different number of Neutrons.
Why do Ions have a charge?
Because the number of Protons and Electrons are not equal.
Why is the Mass Number(top number) of Chlorine not a whole number?
Because Chlorine has two different Isotopes,(-37 & -35)
Relative Atomic Mass = (75/100 x 35) + (25/100 x 37) = 35.5
75% x 35 + 25% x 37
What is an Element?
An Element is a substance that contains ONE type of Atom.
e.g. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, gold, silver and iron.
What is a compound?
A compound is TWO or MORE DIFFERENT Elements Chemically combined.
e.g.water=hydrogen2+oxygen(O2)
What is a Molecule?
A molecule is generally two or Elements chemically combined together.
e.g NACL-sodium chloride-
Group 0
Noble Gases: =Helium(He) =Neon(Ne) =Argon(Ar) =Krypton(Kr) =Xenon(Xe)
Group 1
Alkali Metals: =Lithium(Li) =Sodium(Na) =Potassium(K) =Rubidium(Rb) =Caesium(Cs)
Group 7
Halogens: =Flourine(F) =Chlorine(Cl) =Bromine(Br) =Iodine(I)
Who discovered the Nucleus and when?
The Nucleus was discovered by Ernest Rutherfod in 1911.
Who discovered the nuclear model?
Ernest Rutherfod
What was JJ Thompson discovery?
JJ Thompson discovered the electron.Found as a cloud of positive charge called the ‘Plum Pudding Model’.
Whats the difference between the Thompson ‘Plum Pudding Model’ and Rutherfod Nuclear Model’?
The difference is that the Plum Pudding model has no nuclues as it wasn’t yet discovered,but the nuclear model has a nucleus with electrons surrounding it and protons in the nucleus.
What does the mass number represent?
The Mass number represents amount of protons and neutrons.
What did James Chadwick prove in his discovery?
The show the existence of neutrons within the nucleus.
What Charge does a nucleus have and why?
A positive charge because of the protons.
What does the atomic number tell you?
How many protons there are.
How do you work out how many nuetrons there are?
Simply subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
How can you decide the type of atom?
By working out number of protons in the nucleus,that decides what type of atom it is.
How do you balance an equation?
For example If H(2)SO(4) + NaOH –> Na(2)SO(4) + 2H(2)O
To balance it you need to carry ensure there are even amount of number on left side to right side,so.
H(2)SO(4) + 2NaOH –> Na(2)SO(4) + 2H(2)O
as we can see all number are equal.
How can mixtures be seperated,provide examples?
- filtration
- crystallisation
- simple distillation
- fractional distillation
- chromatography
What is air a mixture of (what gases)?
Nitrogen,oxygen,carbon dioxide and argon.
What does filtration do and how do you set it up?
-Filtration can be used if your product is an insoluble solid that needs to be seperated from liquid reaction mixture.
-It can also be used for purification,e.g seperating solid impurities.
Set up:
Fold filter paper into a cone shape and put it over a beaker.
Suggest one way to seperate sand from salt…
-Put the mixture in water and stir,the salt will dissoolve but the sand wont (heat the mixture to help dissolve the salt).
