C1 Chemistry

Question 1

What is an Atom?

Answer 1

An Atom is the smallest part of a substance that exists.

Question 2

What is an Ion?

Answer 2

Ions are particles that contain a Different Numbers of Protons and Electrons.

Question 3

What is an Isotope?

Answer 3

Isotope contain the same number of Protons and Electrons,but a different number of Neutrons.

Question 4

Why do Ions have a charge?

Answer 4

Because the number of Protons and Electrons are not equal.

Question 5

Why is the Mass Number(top number) of Chlorine not a whole number?

Answer 5

Because Chlorine has two different Isotopes,(-37 & -35)

Relative Atomic Mass = (75/100 x 35) + (25/100 x 37) = 35.5

75% x 35 + 25% x 37

Question 6

What is an Element?

Answer 6

An Element is a substance that contains ONE type of Atom.

e.g. carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, gold, silver and iron.

Question 7

What is a compound?

Answer 7

A compound is TWO or MORE DIFFERENT Elements Chemically combined.

e.g.water=hydrogen2+oxygen(O2)

Question 8

What is a Molecule?

Answer 8

A molecule is generally two or Elements chemically combined together.
e.g NACL-sodium chloride-

Question 9

Group 0

Answer 9

Noble Gases:
=Helium(He)
=Neon(Ne)
=Argon(Ar)
=Krypton(Kr)
=Xenon(Xe)

Question 10

Group 1

Answer 10

Alkali Metals:
=Lithium(Li)
=Sodium(Na)
=Potassium(K)
=Rubidium(Rb)
=Caesium(Cs)

Question 11

Group 7

Answer 11

Halogens:
=Flourine(F)
=Chlorine(Cl)
=Bromine(Br)
=Iodine(I)

Question 12

Who discovered the Nucleus and when?

Answer 12

The Nucleus was discovered by Ernest Rutherfod in 1911.

Question 13

Who discovered the nuclear model?

Answer 13

Ernest Rutherfod

Question 14

What was JJ Thompson discovery?

Answer 14

JJ Thompson discovered the electron.Found as a cloud of positive charge called the ‘Plum Pudding Model’.

Question 15

Whats the difference between the Thompson ‘Plum Pudding Model’ and Rutherfod Nuclear Model’?

Answer 15

The difference is that the Plum Pudding model has no nuclues as it wasn’t yet discovered,but the nuclear model has a nucleus with electrons surrounding it and protons in the nucleus.

Question 16

What does the mass number represent?

Answer 16

The Mass number represents amount of protons and neutrons.

Question 17

What did James Chadwick prove in his discovery?

Answer 17

The show the existence of neutrons within the nucleus.

Question 18

What Charge does a nucleus have and why?

Answer 18

A positive charge because of the protons.

Question 19

What does the atomic number tell you?

Answer 19

How many protons there are.

Question 20

How do you work out how many nuetrons there are?

Answer 20

Simply subtract the atomic number from the mass number.

Question 21

How can you decide the type of atom?

Answer 21

By working out number of protons in the nucleus,that decides what type of atom it is.

Question 22

How do you balance an equation?

For example If H(2)SO(4) + NaOH –> Na(2)SO(4) + 2H(2)O

Answer 22

To balance it you need to carry ensure there are even amount of number on left side to right side,so.
H(2)SO(4) + 2NaOH –> Na(2)SO(4) + 2H(2)O
as we can see all number are equal.

Question 23

How can mixtures be seperated,provide examples?

Answer 23

• filtration
• crystallisation
• simple distillation
• fractional distillation
• chromatography

Question 24

What is air a mixture of (what gases)?

Answer 24

Nitrogen,oxygen,carbon dioxide and argon.

Question 25

What does filtration do and how do you set it up?

Answer 25

-Filtration can be used if your product is an insoluble solid that needs to be seperated from liquid reaction mixture.
-It can also be used for purification,e.g seperating solid impurities.
Set up:
Fold filter paper into a cone shape and put it over a beaker.

Question 26

Suggest one way to seperate sand from salt…

Answer 26

-Put the mixture in water and stir,the salt will dissoolve but the sand wont (heat the mixture to help dissolve the salt).