C1 Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest part of an element what can exist
What is an element?
An element is a substance of only one type of atom
How are the element listed and approximately how many are there?
They are listed in the periodic table
There are 100
Elements can be classified into two groups based on their properties what are these groups?
Metals and non-metals
Elements may combine through chemical reactions to form new products what are these new substances called?
Compounds
What is a compound?
Two or more elements combined chemically in fixed proportions which can be represented by formulae
Do compounds have the same properties as their constituent elements?
No they have different properties
Name the 3 types of radiation
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
How does an unstable atom become more stable?
By emitting some radiation
Describe Rutherfords gold leaf experiment
Alpha particles fired at gold leaf atoms
Most of the
What are the types of physical separation?
Filtration
• Crystallisation
• Simple distillation
• Chromatography
• (Fractional distillation)
What is the plum pudding model?
The plum pudding model was proposed by JJ Thomson.
The plum pudding model can be described as a positively
charged sphere with negative electrons embedded into it.
In the plum pudding model, the mass and charge are evenly distributed throughout the whole structure.
What is the nuclear model?
The nuclear model was proved to be true by Rutherford.
Positively charged alpha particles were fired at gold atoms.
The majority of alpha particles passed straight through this proved the atom was mostly empty space
A tiny proportion of the alpha particles deflect back at large angles. This suggested that the atom has a tiny nucleus.
Because the alpha particles are positive and were repelled by the nucleus, this means the
nucleus also has a positive charge.
Define isotope
Isotopes…
…have the same proton number, but different mass numbers (so they have differing numbers of neutrons).
