C1: Anatomical Terminology

Question 1

Caudal

Answer 1

Towards the animals tail (posterior)

Question 2

Cranial

Answer 2

Toward the animals head (anterior)

Question 3

Dorsal

Answer 3

Toward the back or spine

Question 4

Ventral

Answer 4

Toward the midline

Question 5

Lateral

Answer 5

Toward either the left or right side

Question 6

Deep

Answer 6

Toward the centre of the body or body part

Question 7

Superficial

Answer 7

Towards the surface of the body or body part

Question 8

Proximal

Answer 8

Towards the body

Question 9

Distal

Answer 9

Away from the body

Question 10

Rostral

Answer 10

Toward the tip of the nose (refers to head only)

Question 11

Palmar

Answer 11

Refers to the bottom of the front feet (palms)

Question 12

Plantar

Answer 12

Refers to the bottom of back feet (planted)

Question 13

Axillary region

Answer 13

The area of the armpit

Question 14

Inguinal region

Answer 14

The groin region

Question 15

Nares

Answer 15

Nostril

Question 16

Pinna/Pinnae

Answer 16

Ear/ear flap

Question 17

Thorax

Answer 17

Chest

Question 18

Abdomen

Answer 18

Belly

Question 19

Thoracic limb

Answer 19

Front leg

Question 20

Pelvic Limb

Answer 20

Back leg

Question 21

Antebrachium

Answer 21

Arm

Question 22

Carpus

Answer 22

Wrist

Question 23

Scapula

Answer 23

Shoulder blade

Question 24

Tarsus

Answer 24

Hock

Question 25

Cervical Spine/vertebrae

Answer 25

Neck, always 7

Question 26

Thoracic spine/vertebrae

Answer 26

Back, long points on spines

Question 27

Lumbar spine/vertebrae

Answer 27

Lower back, long transverse process (out to the side)

Question 28

Sacrum

Answer 28

Sacral vertebrae, fused together

Question 29

Coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 29

Make up tail

Question 30

Stifle

Answer 30

Knee

Question 31

Coxofemoral/Pelvic Joint

Answer 31

Hip

Question 32

Interdigital

Answer 32

Between the toes

Question 33

Transverse

Answer 33

Occurs across a limb, often refers to lacerations or bone fractures

Question 34

Longitudinal

Answer 34

Occurs along the length of a limb or bone

Question 35

Oblique

Answer 35

Occurring at an angle, often applied to radiographs

Question 36

Thoracic Limb Joints

Answer 36

Shoulder, elbow, carpal

Question 37

Thoracic Limb Bones

Answer 37

Scapula, humerus, radius/ulna, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 38

Pelvic Limb Joints

Answer 38

Coxofemoral, stifle, tarsus

Question 39

Pelvic Limb Bones

Answer 39

Femur, tibia/fibula, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 40

Long Bones

Answer 40

Femur, tibia/fibula, humerus, radius/ulna

Question 41

Flat Bones

Answer 41

Scapula, pelvis, skull

Question 42

Small Bones

Answer 42

Metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 43

Irregular bones

Answer 43

Vertebrae

Question 44

Sesamoid Bones

Answer 44

• Found along ligaments and tendons
• Sit by themselves
• ex. Patella

Question 45

Thoracic Limb

Answer 45

• only connected to body via muscles, tendons and ligaments
• no joint connecting it to the body
• scapula->humerus->radius/ulna->metacarpals->phalanges

Question 46

Pelvic Limb

Answer 46

• connected to body through coxofemoral joint
• head of femur sits in acetabulum (pelvic socket) and is held in place by the round ligament
• femur->tibia/fibula->metatarsals->phalanges

Question 47

Fibrous Joints

Answer 47

• hold bones together but do not allow movement

- ex. Joints holding skull together

Question 48

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 48

• allow minimal movement, rocking motion

- ex. Joints between vertebrae

Question 49

Synovial joint

Answer 49

• lots of free movement
• 2 types of movement: flexion and extension/adduction and abduction
• Abduct (take away from the body)
• Adduct (add to the body)