B2: Canine Vaccines

Question 1

Risk Factors For Disease

Answer 1

Age
Contact with other dog
Regional variations
Breed (Rottweilers, Dobermans, min pins, and pit bulls are highly susceptible to parvovirus) 
Environmental exposure
Immunosuppressed

Question 2

Distemper (D)

Answer 2

• Related to human measles virus
• Spread by: Aerosols and through the placenta
• Clinical signs: ocular-nasal discharge, fever, vomiting/diarrhea, coughing, seizures, hard pad disease (nose and feet)
• High morbidity and mortality rate

Question 3

Parvovirus (Pv)

Answer 3

• Spread by: Fecal-oral route (requires very little virus to transmit disease)
• Commonly infects puppies and adolescent dogs
• Clinical signs: depression, fever, inappetence, vomiting/profuse diarrhea (bloody), and severe dehydration

Question 4

Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough) [P-parainfluenza]

Answer 4

• Spread by: Aerosols, and indirect contact by dogs coughing or sneezing
• infects upper airway
• clinical signs: dry recurring hacking cough, nasal-ocular discharge, fever, can get secondary bacterial infection leading to pneumonia
• Bordetella separate vaccine

Question 5

Hepatitis (Adenovirus/CAV-1) [A2]

Answer 5

• Spread by: direct contact through saliva/nasal discharge/fomites and is highly contagious
• infected animals shed virus in urine for 6-9 months after symptoms have cleared
• clinical signs: fever, depression, vomiting/anorexia, abdominal pain and distension, ocular signs: yellow colour of mucous membranes or whites of eyes (icterus), liver failure, seizures

Question 6

Corona Virus (Cv)

Answer 6

• Spread by fecal-oral route
• puppies most susceptible
• clinical signs: anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea (not bloody), dehydration
• self-limiting disease

Question 7

Leptospirosis (zoonotic)

Answer 7

• Spread by: aerosolized urine, ingestion, contact with wound or mucous membranes, and direct contact (breeding, transplacental, bites)
• Attacks liver and kidneys, animals shed for 6 months
• Clinical signs: fever, dehydration, depression, icterus, blood in urine or feces

Question 8

Lyme Disease (zoonotic)

Answer 8

• Spread by: deer tick bite, cannot be transmitted by infected animals
• affects joints and connective tissues
• clinical signs: fever, joint pain/stiffness (recurring), can cause arthritis
• single-valent vaccine available, 70% effective

Question 9

Rabies (zoonotic)

Answer 9

• spread by: direct contact with saliva or wound of infected animal
• 100% morbidity, 100% mortality
• attacks nervous systems and salivary glands (inability to swallow)