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GCSE KO > C P1 -Chemical Changes > Flashcards

C P1 -Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the salt that comes from hydrochloric acid?

A

Hydrochloric acid = Chloride salt

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2
Q

What is the salt that comes from sulfuric acid?

A

Sulfuric acid = Sulfate salt

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3
Q

What is the salt that comes from nitric acid?

A

Nitric acid = Nitrate salt

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4
Q

What is the equation for neutralisation?

A

Neutralisation = sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid > sodium chloride + water

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5
Q

What is reduction?

A

Reduction is when oxygen is removed from a compound during a reaction

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6
Q

What is oxidation?

A

Oxidation is when oxygen is gained by a compound during a reaction

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7
Q

What charge are the ions which are produced by metals?

A

Metals produce positive ions when they react

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8
Q

How does the reactivity change in group 1 metals?

A

In group 1 metals, the reactivity increases down the group

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9
Q

What happens when group 2 metals react with acid?

A

When reacted with acid, group 2 metals fizz and their temperature increases

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10
Q

Does group 2 metals react with water?

A

Group 2 metals do not react with water

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11
Q

Does zinc, iron and copper react with water?

A

Zinc, iron and copper does not react with water

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12
Q

What happens when Zinc and Iron react with acid?

A

Zinc and iron react slowly with acid

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13
Q

Does copper react with acid?

A

Copper does not react with acid

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14
Q

What are metals called which are unreactive?

A

Unreactive metals are called native metals

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15
Q

What happens in a redox reaction?

A

In a redox reaction, the metal donates electrons to the hydrogen ions. This displaces hydrogen as a gas while the metal ions are left in the solution

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16
Q

What is a redox reaction between?

A

Redox reaction is between metals and acids

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17
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Electrolysis is the process by which ionic substances are decomposed into simpler substances when an electric current passes through them

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18
Q

What are electrolytes?

A

Electrolytes are the free ions that comes from a melted or dissolved ionic compound, which can conduct electricity

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19
Q

What is a positive electrode called?

A

A positive electrode is called the anode

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20
Q

What is a negative electrode called?

A

A negative electrode is called the cathode

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21
Q

What are cations?

A

Cations are positive ions

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22
Q

What are anions?

A

Anions are negative ions

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23
Q

Where does the cation move?

A

The cation moves to the negative cathode

24
Q

Where does the anion move?

A

The anion moves to the positive anode

25
Q

What substance will be produced at the negative electrode if it is less reactive than hydrogen?

A

The negative electrode produces metals

26
Q

What is produced from the positive electrode?

A

The positive electrode produces oxygen

27
Q

What do the discharged ions depend on in aqueous solutions?

A

The discharged ions in aqueous solutions depend on the relative reactivity of the elements involved

28
Q

What happens to strong acids in aqueous solutions?

A

In aqueous solutions, acids are completely ionised

29
Q

What happens to weak acids in aqueous solutions?

A

In aqueous solutions, weak acids are partially ionised

30
Q

How are soluble salts made?

A

Soluble salts can be made from reacting acids with solid insoluble substances eg metal and metal oxide

31
Q

What is the process of making soluble salts?

A

Soluble salts are produced by adding solid to an acid until no more dissolves, and then filtering off excess solid and then crystallise to produce solid salts

32
Q

What ions do acids produce?

A

Acids produce H+ ions (hydrogen ions)

33
Q

What ions do alkalis produce?

A

Alkalis produce OH- ions (hydroxide ions)

34
Q

How can you show what is happening at an electrode?

A

You can show what is happening at an electrode by using half equations

35
Q

How can metals be extracted from molten compounds?

A

You can extract metals from molten compounds using electrolysis

36
Q

When is electrolysis carried out to extract metals?

A

Electrolysis is carried out to extract metals when the metal is too reactive to be extracted by reduction with carbon

37
Q

What is the issue with using electrolysis?

A

Electrolysis is expensive due to the large amount of energy needed to produce the electric current

38
Q

What ions are involved in aqueous solutions?

A

In aqueous solutions, H+ and OH- ions are produced

39
Q

What will happen to the metal if it is more reactive than hydrogen?

A

If the metal is more reactive than hydrogen, then hydrogen will form at the cathode

40
Q

What will happen to the metal if it is less reactive than hydrogen?

A

If the metal is less reactive than hydrogen, then the metal will form at the cathode

41
Q

What are the ions involved in brine (sodium chloride solution) (NaCl) ?

A

The ions involved in brine include, Na+, Cl-, H+, OH-

42
Q

What will happen at the cathode during the electrolysis of brine? (sodium chloride solution)

A

At the cathode during the electrolysis of brine,2 H+ ions are gaining 2 electrons to form H2. This is because hydrogen always comes in pairs so the equation will have to be balanced. Also because they are at the cathode and hydrogen is a positive ion, it will be reduced and will gain electrons.

43
Q

What will happen at the anode during the electrolysis of brine (sodium chloride solution)

A

At the anode during the electrolysis of brine, 2 CL- ions lose 2 electrons to form Cl2. This is because chlorine always comes in pairs so the equation will have to be balanced. Also because they are at the anode and chlorine is a negative ion, it will be oxidised and lose electrons.

44
Q

What happens at the cathode in electrolysis?

A

In electrolysis, the cathode produces positive ions where they are reduced and gain electrons

45
Q

What happens at the anode in electrolysis?

A

In electrolysis, the anode produces negative ions which are oxidised and lose electrons

46
Q

What does the acronym PANIC stand for?

A

PANIC stands for positive is the anode, negative is cathode

47
Q

What does the acronym OILRIG stand for?

A

OILRIG stands for oxidation is loss (of electrons), Reduction is gain (of electrons)

48
Q

Which subatomic particle do acids produce in water?

A

Acids produce protons in water

49
Q

Which type of solution do acids ionise in?

A

Acids ionise in aqueous solutions

50
Q

What happens when strong acids ionise completely in water?

A

When strong acids ionise completely in water, all the acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions

51
Q

What is a reversible reaction?

A

A reversible reaction is when the products can be turned back into the reactants, which sets up an equilibrium between the dissociated and undissociated acids.

52
Q

If the concentration of H+ ions is high, what happens to the rate of reaction?

A

If the concentration of H+ ions is high, the rate of reaction will be faster

53
Q

Why are strong acids more reactive than weak acids?

A

Strong acids are more reactive than weak acids because they have a high concentration of h+ ions and so the rate of reaction will be faster

54
Q

For every decrease of 1 on the pH scale, the concentrations of H+ ions increases by _ _ _ _

A

For every decrease of 1 on the pH scale, the concentrations of H+ ions increase by a factor of 10

55
Q

What does the concentration of an acid measure?

A

The concentration of an acid measures how watered down that acid is

GCSE KO (13 decks)

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