B P1 - Organisation Flashcards
Where are carbohydrates made?
Carbohydrates are made in the salivary glands, the pancreas and the small intestine
What are carbohydrates broken down into?
Carbohydrates are broken down into sugars (glucose) by amylase
Where are proteases made?
Proteases are made in the stomach and the pancreas
What is protein broken down into?
Protein is broken down into amino acids by protease
Where is lipase made?
Lipase is made in the pancreas
What are fats (lipids) broken down into?
Fats (lipids) are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids by lipase
Where is bile made?
Bile is made in the liver, and is stored in the gallbladder
What is the role of bile?
Bile emulsifies fat in order to increase the surface area to increase the rate of lipids breaking down fat. Bile also neutralises hydrochloric acid in the stomach in order for enzymes like lipase to work
What can happen to enzymes if there are large changes of temperature?
Large changes of temperature can cause enzymes to denature and stop working
What happens to enzymes if temperatures are high?
High temperatures speed up the rate of enzymes
What happens to enzymes if temperatures are low?
Low temperatures slow the rate of enzymes
What is the lock and key theory?
The lock and key theory explains how an enzyme and a substrate bind together to form an enzyme-substrate complex
What is the role of digestive enzymes?
Digestive enzymes speed up the conversion of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
What is the test used for sugars (glucose)?
The test used for sugars (glucose) is the benedicts’ test
What is the test used for starch?
The test used for starch is the iodine test
What is the role of the arteries?
The role of the arteries is to carry blood away from the heart
What do arteries have in order to help them function?
The arteries have thick muscular walls and a small lumen
What is the role of the veins?
The veins carry blood to the heart