C P1 - Bonding, Structure and the Properties

Question 1

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 1

Ionic bonding is when an atom loses or gains an electron to have a full outer shell and become stable. This occurs between metals and non-metals.

Question 2

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 2

Covalent bonding is when an atom shares electrons to have a full outer shell. This occurs between two non-metals.

Question 3

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 3

Metallic bonding is when atoms share delocalised electrons. This occurs between metals and alloys.

Question 4

If an atom has a high melting or boiling point…

Answer 4

…large amounts of energy is needed to break the bonds.

Question 5

If a solid cannot conduct electricity it means that the ions…

Answer 5

…are held in a fixed position in the lattice and cannot move

Question 6

What are the features of an ionic compound?

Answer 6

Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, and the forces are acting in all directions in the lattice

Question 7

What does it mean if an atom has lots of delocalised electrons?

Answer 7

If an atom has lots of delocalised electrons, that means that it has a high electrical conductivity

Question 8

What is an alloy?

Answer 8

An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements where at least one of them is a metal

Question 9

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

Answer 9

Alloys are harder than pure metals because atoms of different sizes disrupt the layers so they cannot slide over each other

Question 10

Why do metals and alloys have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 10

Metals and alloys have high melting and boiling points due to their strong metallic bonds

Question 11

Whey can pure metals be bent and shaped?

Answer 11

Pure metals can be bent and shaped because the atoms are arranged in layers that can slide over each other

Question 12

Why are metals good conductors of electricity?

Answer 12

Metals are good conductors of electricity because delocalised electrons carry electrical charges through the metal

Question 13

Why are metals good conductors of thermal energy?

Answer 13

Metals are good conductors of thermal energy because energy is transferred by the delocalised electrons

Question 14

What are the limitations of the model of solids, liquids, gases?

Answer 14

The limitations of the model of the solids, liquids and gases is that there are no forces in the model, all the particles are shown as spheres, and the spheres are solid

Question 15

What are polymers at room temperature?

Answer 15

At room temperature, polymers are solids at room temperature

Question 16

How are atoms linked in polymers?

Answer 16

In polymers, atoms are linked by strong covalent bonds

Question 17

What are the properties of small molecular substances?

Answer 17

Properties of small molecules include low melting and boiling points, do not conduct electricity, weak intermolecular forces which are easily broken

Question 18

What are the properties of diamond?

Answer 18

The propertires of diamond are that they are very hard, they have very high melting point, they do not conduct electricity, they have stong covalent bonds

Question 19

What are the properites of giant covalent strucutres?

Answer 19

Giant covalent structures needs lots of energy to break their strong covalent bond, they are variable electrical conductivity, they have high boiling and melting points due to their strong bonds

Question 20

What is the size of a nanoparticle?

Answer 20

Nanoparticles are between 1 and 100 nanometers (nm) in size

Question 21

What are nanoparticles used for?

Answer 21

Nanoparticles are used for healthcare, cosmetics, sun cream, catalysts, deodorants and electronics

Question 22

Why can nanoparticles be toxic to people?

Answer 22

Nanoparticles can be toxic to people because they may be able to enter the brain from the bloodstream and cause harm

Question 23

What are the properties of graphene and fullerenes?

Answer 23

Graphenes and fullerenes are excellent conductors, they are very strong, they contain delocalised electrons and they have strong covalent bonds

Question 24

What are the properties of carbon nanotubes? (6)

Answer 24

Carbon nanotubes are very conductive, have high tensile strength, have a large surface area to volume ratio, it is used in the electronic industry, reinforce composite materials, can be used as catalysts and lubricants

Question 25

What are the properties of graphite? (6)

Answer 25

Graphite is slippery, has a very high melting point, conducts electricity, the layers can slide over each other, has strong covalent bonds, has delocalised electrons between layers