C P1 - Atomic structure and periodic table Flashcards
What is the relative mass of a proton?
The relative mass of a proton is 1
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
The relative mass of a neutron is 1
What is the relative mass of an electron?
The relative mass of an electron is 0
What is the relative charge of a proton?
The relative charge of a proton is +1
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
The relative charge of a neutron is 0
What is the relative charge of an electron?
The relative charge of an electron is -1
What is the mass number of an element?
The mass number of an element is the sum of protons and neutrons (their top number)
What is the atomic number of an element?
The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the atom
What is a mixture?
A mixture is when two or more elements or compounds are not chemically combined together
What are the five ways elements/compounds can be separated?
Elements or compounds can be separated by filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation and chromatography
What is filtration? + an example
Filtration is when an insoluble solid is separated from a liquid eg getting sand from a mix of sand, salt and water
What is crystallisation? + an example
Crystallisation is to separate a solid from a solution eg obtaining pure crystals from saltwater
What is simple distillation? + an example
Simple distillation is to separate a solvent from a solution eg obtaining pure water from saltwater
What is fractional distillation? + an example
Fractional distillation is separating a mixture of liquids each with different boiling points eg separating different compounds in crude oil
What is chromatography? + an example
Chromatography is the process by which you separate substances that move at different rates through a medium eg separating out dyes in food colouring
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons