C P1 - Atomic structure and periodic table Flashcards
What is the relative mass of a proton?
The relative mass of a proton is 1
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
The relative mass of a neutron is 1
What is the relative mass of an electron?
The relative mass of an electron is 0
What is the relative charge of a proton?
The relative charge of a proton is +1
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
The relative charge of a neutron is 0
What is the relative charge of an electron?
The relative charge of an electron is -1
What is the mass number of an element?
The mass number of an element is the sum of protons and neutrons (their top number)
What is the atomic number of an element?
The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the atom
What is a mixture?
A mixture is when two or more elements or compounds are not chemically combined together
What are the five ways elements/compounds can be separated?
Elements or compounds can be separated by filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation and chromatography
What is filtration? + an example
Filtration is when an insoluble solid is separated from a liquid eg getting sand from a mix of sand, salt and water
What is crystallisation? + an example
Crystallisation is to separate a solid from a solution eg obtaining pure crystals from saltwater
What is simple distillation? + an example
Simple distillation is to separate a solvent from a solution eg obtaining pure water from saltwater
What is fractional distillation? + an example
Fractional distillation is separating a mixture of liquids each with different boiling points eg separating different compounds in crude oil
What is chromatography? + an example
Chromatography is the process by which you separate substances that move at different rates through a medium eg separating out dyes in food colouring
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but with a different number of neutrons
What is the law of conservation of mass?
The law of conservation of mass states that the total mass of products = total mass of reactants
What is the 1897 plum pudding model?
The 1897 plum pudding model showed that an atom must contain small negative charges, which resulted in the discovery of electrons. It showed a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it
Who discovered the plum pudding model?
The plum pudding model was discovered by JJ Thompson
What is Rutherford’s scattering experiment?
Rutherford’s scattering experiment showed that alpha particles passed right through the foil, whereas the positive particles were deflected by the positive nucleus. This showed that the mass was concentrated at the centre of the atom.
What did James Chadwick discover?
James Chadwick provided the evidence to show the existence of neutrons within the nucleus
What did the 1909 nucleus model show?
The 1909 nuclear model showed that there is a positively charged nucleus at the centre which is surrounded by negative electrons
What did the 1913 Bohr model show?
The 1913 Bohr model showed that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances in fixed shells
Where are the metals located on the periodic table?
The metals are to the left of the periodic table
Where are the non-metals located on the periodic table?
The non-metals are located to the right of the periodic table
What are the characteristics of metals?
Metals form positive ions, they are good electrical conductors, high melting and boiling points, ductile, malleable
What are the characteristics of non-metals?
The characteristics of non-metals include good insulators, low melting and boiling points
How does the reactivity change for halogens in the periodic table?
For halogens, the reactivity decreases down the group as there will be an increasing proton number meaning an electron is more easily gained
How do the melting and boiling points change for halogens in the periodic table?
The melting and boiling points increase down the group for halogens in the periodic table as the mass number increases
Are noble gases reactive or non-reactive?
Noble gases are unreactive as they have full outer shells
How do the boiling points change for noble gases in the periodic table?
In the periodic table, the boiling points increase down the group for noble gases due to their increasing atomic number
What are the differences between transition metals to group 1?
Transmition metals are less reactive, harder, denser and have higher melting points
What are the properties of transition metals?
Transition metals have many different ion possibilities with different charges, they are used as catalysts, and form coloured compounds
Metal + Oxygen -> ?
Metal + Oxygen -> Metal Oxide
Metal + Water -> ?
Metal + Water > Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
Metals + Chlorine -> ?
Metal + Chlorine -> Metal Chloride
What are the propertes of alkali metals?
Alkali metals are very reactive with oxygen, water and chlorine as they only have one 1 electron in their outer shell ( formin +1 positive ions), their reactivity increases down the group as the negative outer electron is further away from the positive nucleus so more is easily lost
How were elements arranged before the discovery of protons, neutrons and electrons?
Before the discovery of protons, neutrons and electrons, elements were arranged in order of their atomic weight
Why are elements arranged in groups?
Elements are arranged in groups as they have similar properties and have the same number of outer shell electrons
Why are elements arranged in periods?
Elements arranged in periods have the same number of electron shells
