C-3 Flashcards
What do enzymes do and how do they work?
catalyze reactions so they occur at a biologically relevant rate (by having a substrate attach to their active site)
How are enzymes regulated?
inhibition - turn off when don’t need
activation - turn on when you need it
holoenzymes vs apoenzymes
complete enzyme vs part of one
exoenzymes vs endoenzymes
extracellular (outside cell) vs intracellular (inside cell)
Give examples of when cells might use endo- and exo- enzymes
for breaking or building bonds (?)
oxidoreductases
transfer electrons; both exergonic and endergonic
transferases
Transfer functional groups; endergonic
hydrolases
break molecules with water (hydrolysis); exergonic
lyases
break molecules without water (lysis); exergonic
isomerases
rearrange molecules into isomers; can be both exergonic and endergonic
synthetases/ligases
link larger molecules together using ATP as an energy source; endergonic
synthases
synthesize molecules without ATP; endergonic
polymerases
polymerize monomers of nucleotides into chains; endergonic
Catabolic and Anabolic reactions
breaking down vs building
Exergonic and Endergonic reactions
release energy (catabolism) vs require energy (anabolism)