Brown Ch 12

Question 1

Four characteristics of qualitative research that reflects its trustworthiness:

Answer 1

credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability

Question 2

Not all methods of fostering trustworthiness will apply to all studies, so consider the….

Answer 2

research question, purpose of the study, and research de-sign when deciding which methods are most appropriate for a particular study

Question 3

Accurate and adequate representation of the phenomenon from the perspective of the participants

Internal validity

Prolonged engagement
Strong interview questions
and interviewing skills
Member checking
Triangulation

Answer 3

Credibility

Question 4

Application of information from the study to other situations

External validity

Thick description
Purposive sampling

Answer 4

Transferability

Question 5

Consistency in the data across time, participants, and researchers

Reliability

Multiple coders
Code-recode
Audit trail

Answer 5

Dependability

Question 6

Data reflects the views of the participants and not the researcher

Objectivity

Saturation
Reflexivity

Answer 6

Confirmability

Question 7

authentic and accurately reflects the reality of the research participants

an assessment of the degree to which the results are plausible

aspect of trustworthiness can be influenced by participant bias, in which the participant might provide responses or behave in ways that are not completely genuine

Answer 7

Credibility

Question 8

To facilitate the collection of accurate data, researchers use methods

Answer 8

like prolonged engagement to ensure that participants respond honestly and openly.

Question 9

For authentic data to emerge from an interview, it is important that

Answer 9

the questions asked and the manner in which they are asked promote an open and honest response on the part of the participants.

‒Researchers must avoid questions that lead the respondents in a particular direction and instead use open-ended questioning.

Question 10

multiple resources and methods are used to verify and corroborate data; that is, the use of several methods leads to the same results in each case

can also be achieved by collecting data using different methods, such as interviews, focus groups, and participant observation

Answer 10

Triangulation

Question 11

One method for verifying data and confirming a researcher’s analysis is

Answer 11

member checking, in which participants in a study are regularly and queried to ensure that the researcher’s impressions are accurate

Question 12

the extent to which the information from a qualitative study can be extended, or applied, to other situations

the burden lies primarily on the practitioner who is interested in applying the results

The practitioner must examine the research to determine how similar the research conditions are to the practitioner’s situation

Answer 12

Transferability

Question 13

The researcher can facilitate this process of transferability by providing a thick description such as:

Answer 13

sufficient information about the people, situation, and settings

Question 14

commonly used in qualitative research and involves selecting participants who are especially knowledgeable or experienced in the phenomena of interest

promotes transferability, because the participants are able to provide relevant and insightful data

Answer 14

Purposive sampling

Question 15

the extent to which qualitative data are consistent

Answer 15

Dependability

Question 16

Ways to enhance dependability

Answer 16

The use of multiple coders, use of a code-recode procedure, and keeping an audit trail

Question 17

When multiple coders code independently then compare their results:

Answer 17

if they see the same things, there is more consistency in the identification of themes; if they don’t, they can decide which perspective is more accurate

Question 18

A single researcher can use a code-recode procedure, in which…

Answer 18

transcripts are coded, set aside for a time, then recoded and evaluated

Question 19

is the collection of documents from a qualitative study that can be used to authenticate the researcher’s data analysis and promote confirmability by making the data available to outside sources

Answer 19

Audit trail

Question 20

involve one or more individuals who are independent from the researchers reviewing the audit trail

Answer 20

External audits

Question 21

confirmability

Answer 21

involves verifying that the data is accurat

Question 22

the point at which data collection no longer elucidates new themes, which is impossible to determine unless the researcher analyzes the data as it is collected

Answer 22

Saturation

Question 23

practice to identify and explicitly state their own experiences and views on the research topic

Answer 23

reflexivity

Question 24

the researcher engages in self-examination of experiences and assumptions that could influence their views and brackets them

Answer 24

bracketing

Question 25

entries are made throughout the research process that describe the researcher’s reactions to the data and how those reactions influence the data analysis

Answer 25

Another strategy to promote reflexivity and make biases known involves keeping a reflexive journal

Question 26

When evaluating the rigor of a qualitative study, don’t expect that each method can be applied to every study consider

Answer 26

whether the researcher utilized methods most applicable to the study’s purpose and design