Brown Ch 12 Flashcards
Four characteristics of qualitative research that reflects its trustworthiness:
credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability
Not all methods of fostering trustworthiness will apply to all studies, so consider the….
research question, purpose of the study, and research de-sign when deciding which methods are most appropriate for a particular study
Accurate and adequate representation of the phenomenon from the perspective of the participants
Internal validity
Prolonged engagement
Strong interview questions
and interviewing skills
Member checking
Triangulation
Credibility
Application of information from the study to other situations
External validity
Thick description
Purposive sampling
Transferability
Consistency in the data across time, participants, and researchers
Reliability
Multiple coders
Code-recode
Audit trail
Dependability
Data reflects the views of the participants and not the researcher
Objectivity
Saturation
Reflexivity
Confirmability
authentic and accurately reflects the reality of the research participants
an assessment of the degree to which the results are plausible
aspect of trustworthiness can be influenced by participant bias, in which the participant might provide responses or behave in ways that are not completely genuine
Credibility
To facilitate the collection of accurate data, researchers use methods
like prolonged engagement to ensure that participants respond honestly and openly.
For authentic data to emerge from an interview, it is important that
the questions asked and the manner in which they are asked promote an open and honest response on the part of the participants.
‒Researchers must avoid questions that lead the respondents in a particular direction and instead use open-ended questioning.
multiple resources and methods are used to verify and corroborate data; that is, the use of several methods leads to the same results in each case
can also be achieved by collecting data using different methods, such as interviews, focus groups, and participant observation
Triangulation
One method for verifying data and confirming a researcher’s analysis is
member checking, in which participants in a study are regularly and queried to ensure that the researcher’s impressions are accurate
the extent to which the information from a qualitative study can be extended, or applied, to other situations
the burden lies primarily on the practitioner who is interested in applying the results
The practitioner must examine the research to determine how similar the research conditions are to the practitioner’s situation
Transferability
The researcher can facilitate this process of transferability by providing a thick description such as:
sufficient information about the people, situation, and settings
commonly used in qualitative research and involves selecting participants who are especially knowledgeable or experienced in the phenomena of interest
promotes transferability, because the participants are able to provide relevant and insightful data
Purposive sampling
the extent to which qualitative data are consistent
Dependability
Ways to enhance dependability
The use of multiple coders, use of a code-recode procedure, and keeping an audit trail
When multiple coders code independently then compare their results:
if they see the same things, there is more consistency in the identification of themes; if they don’t, they can decide which perspective is more accurate
A single researcher can use a code-recode procedure, in which…
transcripts are coded, set aside for a time, then recoded and evaluated
is the collection of documents from a qualitative study that can be used to authenticate the researcher’s data analysis and promote confirmability by making the data available to outside sources
Audit trail
involve one or more individuals who are independent from the researchers reviewing the audit trail
External audits
confirmability
involves verifying that the data is accurat
the point at which data collection no longer elucidates new themes, which is impossible to determine unless the researcher analyzes the data as it is collected
Saturation
practice to identify and explicitly state their own experiences and views on the research topic
reflexivity
the researcher engages in self-examination of experiences and assumptions that could influence their views and brackets them
bracketing
entries are made throughout the research process that describe the researcher’s reactions to the data and how those reactions influence the data analysis
Another strategy to promote reflexivity and make biases known involves keeping a reflexive journal
When evaluating the rigor of a qualitative study, don’t expect that each method can be applied to every study consider
whether the researcher utilized methods most applicable to the study’s purpose and design
