Bronchiolitis/ Respiratory Syncytial Virus Flashcards
What is bronchiolitis?
Acute viral infection of the lower respiratory tract
In which population does bronchiolitis mostly present?
Infants < 1 year old
Pathophysiology of bronchiolitis
Acute inflammation, edema and increased mucus production. Also, necrosis of epithelial cells lining small airways
What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?
Respiratory syncytial virus
Bronchiolitis presents higher risk of what symptoms/conditions throughout childhood and adolescence?
Recurrent wheezing and asthma
What are some risk factors of developing severe bronchiolitis?
Premature birth, chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease
What are the requirements for the start of RSV season?
Average RSV positivity rate is at least 10% for 2 consecutive weeks
What components are needed for diagnosis?
Clinical presentation, thorough history and physical exam recommended
Pharmacologic therapies include
. Aerosolized beta 2 adrenergic therapy
. Corticosteroids
. Nebulized hypertonic saline
. Ribavirin
. Palivizumab prophylaxis
True or false: American Academy of Pediatrics recommends albuterol for treatment of bronchiolitis
False. They do not, salbutamol is mentioned but not available in the U.S.
Which treatment does the AAP recommend to treat bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants and children?
Nebulized hypertonic saline 3%
Which treatment is approved in aerosolized form against RSV?
Ribavirin
Which antipyretic is not recommended in RSV infection?
Aspirin
Which antipyretics and what dose is recommended in treatment of RSV?
. Acetaminophen: 10-15 mg/kg/dose PO/IV q4-6h PRN
. Ibuprofen: 5-10 mg/kg/dose q4-6h PRN
What is the dosing and max dosage for palivizumab?
15 mg/kg/dose IM monthly during RSV season. Maximum 5 doses
