Breasts and Axillae chapt 30 (635-39) Flashcards
Where on the chest of men and women will you find glandular tissue which can be a potential site for malignancy?
Behind the nipple for men and all throughout the breast for females
Where is the largest portion of glandular tissue on the breast for females found?
The breast is divided into four quadrants: the upper outer quadrant of each breast for women has the most glandular tissue
Where is the location of the tail of spence?
The tail of spence projects itself from the outer upper quadrant of the breast and ends in the axilla (also known as the axillary tail of spence)
Where are the majority of breast tumors located?
Located primarily at the upper outer quadrant and the tail of spence
What are the methods of breast assessment?
inspection and palpation
What are the percentages of the cancers of the breast according to quadrants?
UOQ=50%, UIQ=15%, LOQ=11%, LIQ=6%
Family hx (1st degree mother or sister), ETOH consumption, high-fat diet, obesity, oral contraceptives, menarche before age 12, menopause after 55, genetic mutation, and age 30 or more for 1st pregnancy are all risk factors of what?
breast cancer
Best protection against breast cancer for women ages 20-39 is:
Monthly breast exam at home and a clinical breast exam every three years
Best protection against breast cancer for women ages 40 and older is:
monthly breast exams at home and annually
You’re assessing the chest of your female pt and you notice that her breast have localized discoloration/hyperpigmentation w/nipple retraction. This finding is:
abnormal and indicative of breast cancer.
Your assessing the chest of your female pt and you notice that her nipples are inverted. She tells you that she always had inversion since she was a child. This finding is:
normal. Inversion is only abnormal if it occurs recently.
What are the three methods of palpation of the breasts?
Hands of the clock, concentric circles, and vertical stripes patterns
Palpation of the breast is conducted by using what part of the hand?
Palpation of the breast should be done by using the palmer surface of the middle three fingertips held together and making a gentle rotating motion of the breast
What position should the pt assume when examining the breasts?
supine so that the breasts flatten evenly against the chest wall with hand behind head
What lymph nodes of the breast can malignant cells travel through?
Axillary, supraclavicular, and infraclavicular nodes
What genetic mutations that women may have increases the risk of breast CA to 80%?
BRCA1 and BRCA 2 are the genetic mutations that increases risk up to 80%
What genetic mutation can men have that increase their risk of breast cancer?
1 in 10 breast CA in men are believed to be due to BRCA2 mutations
Which genetic abnormalities cause about 5-10% risk?
inherited genetic abnormalities
Which genetic abnormalities cause about 90% of breast cancers?
genetic abnormalities due to the aging process (wear-and-tear)
How can you get your pt to emphasize retraction upon breast examination?
Have pt raise arms over head or push hands together w/elbow flexed, or press hands down on the hips
Female breast development occur in what stages?
Tanner’s five stages
Males with breast enlargement is defined as:
gynecomastia and may occur during puberty
A thick yellow fluid that may be expressed during a pt’s first trimester is called:
colostrum
The best time to do a monthly breast exam is when:
the 4-7 day after your period
