Breasts and Axillae chapt 30 (635-39)

Question 1

Where on the chest of men and women will you find glandular tissue which can be a potential site for malignancy?

Answer 1

Behind the nipple for men and all throughout the breast for females

Question 2

Where is the largest portion of glandular tissue on the breast for females found?

Answer 2

The breast is divided into four quadrants: the upper outer quadrant of each breast for women has the most glandular tissue

Question 3

Where is the location of the tail of spence?

Answer 3

The tail of spence projects itself from the outer upper quadrant of the breast and ends in the axilla (also known as the axillary tail of spence)

Question 4

Where are the majority of breast tumors located?

Answer 4

Located primarily at the upper outer quadrant and the tail of spence

Question 5

What are the methods of breast assessment?

Answer 5

inspection and palpation

Question 6

What are the percentages of the cancers of the breast according to quadrants?

Answer 6

UOQ=50%, UIQ=15%, LOQ=11%, LIQ=6%

Question 7

Family hx (1st degree mother or sister), ETOH consumption, high-fat diet, obesity, oral contraceptives, menarche before age 12, menopause after 55, genetic mutation, and age 30 or more for 1st pregnancy are all risk factors of what?

Answer 7

breast cancer

Question 8

Best protection against breast cancer for women ages 20-39 is:

Answer 8

Monthly breast exam at home and a clinical breast exam every three years

Question 9

Best protection against breast cancer for women ages 40 and older is:

Answer 9

monthly breast exams at home and annually

Question 10

You’re assessing the chest of your female pt and you notice that her breast have localized discoloration/hyperpigmentation w/nipple retraction. This finding is:

Answer 10

abnormal and indicative of breast cancer.

Question 11

Your assessing the chest of your female pt and you notice that her nipples are inverted. She tells you that she always had inversion since she was a child. This finding is:

Answer 11

normal. Inversion is only abnormal if it occurs recently.

Question 12

What are the three methods of palpation of the breasts?

Answer 12

Hands of the clock, concentric circles, and vertical stripes patterns

Question 13

Palpation of the breast is conducted by using what part of the hand?

Answer 13

Palpation of the breast should be done by using the palmer surface of the middle three fingertips held together and making a gentle rotating motion of the breast

Question 14

What position should the pt assume when examining the breasts?

Answer 14

supine so that the breasts flatten evenly against the chest wall with hand behind head

Question 15

What lymph nodes of the breast can malignant cells travel through?

Answer 15

Axillary, supraclavicular, and infraclavicular nodes

Question 16

What genetic mutations that women may have increases the risk of breast CA to 80%?

Answer 16

BRCA1 and BRCA 2 are the genetic mutations that increases risk up to 80%

Question 17

What genetic mutation can men have that increase their risk of breast cancer?

Answer 17

1 in 10 breast CA in men are believed to be due to BRCA2 mutations

Question 18

Which genetic abnormalities cause about 5-10% risk?

Answer 18

inherited genetic abnormalities

Question 19

Which genetic abnormalities cause about 90% of breast cancers?

Answer 19

genetic abnormalities due to the aging process (wear-and-tear)

Question 20

How can you get your pt to emphasize retraction upon breast examination?

Answer 20

Have pt raise arms over head or push hands together w/elbow flexed, or press hands down on the hips

Question 21

Female breast development occur in what stages?

Answer 21

Tanner’s five stages

Question 22

Males with breast enlargement is defined as:

Answer 22

gynecomastia and may occur during puberty

Question 23

A thick yellow fluid that may be expressed during a pt’s first trimester is called:

Answer 23

colostrum

Question 24

The best time to do a monthly breast exam is when:

Answer 24

the 4-7 day after your period

Question 25

Risk factors for breast cancer includes:

Answer 25

being female, mother or sister sister (1st degree) hx of BRCA, menarche before age 12, 1st pregnancy after age 30, birth control, menopause after age 55, genetic mutation, wear and tear