Braddom - Prosthetics Upper

Question 1

accounts for 90% of all upper limb a tions.

Answer 1

Trauma

Question 2

represents the highest percentage (78%) of upper limb amputations reported on hospital discharges.

Answer 2

Finger amputation

Question 3

Excluding finger amputation, the most common upper limb amputations are through the

Answer 3

forearm (transradial) and humerus (transhumeral)

Question 4

most common congenital amputation is at the

Answer 4

left short transradial level

Question 5

has no distal r ing parts.

Answer 5

transverse deficiency

Question 6

have distal portions present with a partial or total absence of a specific bone.

Answer 6

Longitudinal deficiencies

Question 7

represent half of all congenital upper limb reductions, a

Answer 7

Longitudinal hand reductions

Question 8

the most common type of a tation

Answer 8

Fingertip a tation (

Question 9

the most functionally critical digit.

Answer 9

thumb

Question 10

results in loss of palmer grip, side-to-side pinch, and tip-to-tip pinch.

Answer 10

Thumb amputation,

Question 11

involve digits IV and V, and hook grasp is lost.

Answer 11

Ulnar amputations

Question 12

involves digits III and IV, and reconstruction is usually not attempted, and a cosmetic substitute is used

Answer 12

Central amputation

Question 13

refers to the remaining part of the amputated limb.

Answer 13

residual limb

Question 14

refers to the nonamputated limb

Answer 14

sound limb

Question 15

Transradial amputations are based on measurements made from the longest residual bone (ulna or radius) to the

Answer 15

medial epicondyle.

Question 16

preserves 55% to 90% length, allows up to 60 degrees of supination and pronation with a prosthesis, and maintains strong elbow flexion. 4

Answer 16

long transradial amputation

Question 17

preserves 35% to 55% length, and pronation and supination with a prosthesis are lost. Elbow flexion is reduced because of the inhibiting prosthesis.

Answer 17

medium transradial amputation

Question 18

amputation is defined as 0% to 35% preservation, which results in difficult prosthetic suspension and the additional loss of full range of motion (ROM) at the elbow.

Answer 18

short transradial amputation

Question 19

is recommended instead of bilateral transhumeral because of functional prosthetic control.

Answer 19

elbow disarticulation

Question 20

It is most suitable for the growing child to preserve the epiphysis for growth. 38

Answer 20

elbow disarticulation

Question 21

preservation of 50% to 90% of length relative to the sound side humeral

Answer 21

long transhumeral

Question 22

defined as preservation of 30% to 50% of length, loss of glenohumeral motion because of the inhibition of the prosthetic socket that encompasses the acromion. 4

Answer 22

short t humeral

Question 23

glenohumeral motions of flexion, extension, and abduction are lost with

Answer 23

humeral neck level amputation, shoulder disarticulation, and forequarter amputation.

Question 24

defined as s cant injury to at least three of the four tissue groups (skin/ soft tissue, nerve, vessel and bone).

Answer 24

mangled extremity syndrome

Question 25

poor predictors of amputation or salvage with regard to functional outcome

Answer 25

mangled e ity scoring systems

Question 26

flap in which a local muscle inclusive of the overlying skin is moved over with its own blood supply to fill a large defect.

Answer 26

Pedicle flap

Question 27

flap in which the donor is not local and the microvasculature of the donor muscle is anastomosed to the available vessels at the defect site.

Answer 27

Microvascular free flap

Question 28

feasibility of limb salvage is d mined partly by the ability to reconstruct

Answer 28

soft tissue defect. I

Question 29

which the deep layers are sutured directly to the periosteum.

Answer 29

myodesis

Question 30

s cial antagonistic muscles are sutured together and to the deeper muscle layers.

Answer 30

myoplasty

Question 31

ideal distal muscle stabilization occurs with

Answer 31

tenodesis

Question 32

elbow

best possible option.

Answer 32

endoprosthetic reconstruction

Question 33

tumors of the hand,

Answer 33

ray resection is done.

Question 34

wrist, multiple options are available such as

Answer 34

endoprosthesis implant or an allograft or vascularized bone transplant (

Question 35

humerus

Answer 35

similar to the wrist in that an endoprosthesis, or an allograft, or a vascularized bone transplant can be used

Question 36

tumors of the scapula or proximal humerus,

Answer 36

forequarter amputation or flail arm is prevented by reconstruction with a combination of an endoprosthesis and allograft.

Question 37

complication rate is much higher after

Answer 37

limb salvage than after amputation in the oncology population.

Question 38

e est complications include

oncology population.

Answer 38

infection, wound necrosis, and neurapraxia. T

Question 39

late complications i

Answer 39

aseptic l ening, prosthetic fracture and dislocation, and graft nonunion. 4

Question 40

an outcome tool that assesses seven characteristics of upper limb use: ROM, stability, deformity, pain level, strength, functional activity, and emotional acceptance. Limb salvage has cosmetic advantages, but whether the quality of life of these patients is superior to that of those who undergo amputation is unclear.

Answer 40

Enneking Outcome Measurement Scale

Question 41

traumatically amputated limbs is now possible, especially in children, because of the potential for successful neurologic recovery. 3

Answer 41

Reimplantation

Question 42

prompt reimplantation within the initial

Answer 42

12-hour window.

Question 43

Predictors of s ful reimplantation include a

Answer 43

adequate preservation, c tion of the muscle in the amputated limb after stimulation, the level of injury, and no tobacco use

Question 44

best p tor of success is the

Answer 44

serum potassium level in the a tated segment.

Question 45

If the serum potassium level is higher than

reimplantation should be avoided. 51

Answer 45

6.5 mmol/L