Applied Nutriton - Infant Nutrition Flashcards
Peculiarities of nutrition in early life
Growth extremely rapid, requirements higher than adult relative to body size
Surface area larger
Hardly any teeth, source of nutrition limited
When is there flattening of growth curves of infants
6 mos
Developing countries
Infant mortality
Highest in:
A. Developing
B. Developed
A. Developing
Causes of infant mortality in the Philippines is related to
Malnutrition - systemic effect on infection
Normal brain growth and development is associated with good nutrition from
Last trimester of gestational age to six months from term
Infant requires food for
50% basal metabolism 25% random activity 12% growth 3% SDA 10% loss feces and urine
Maintenance of internal environment
Cell growth and repair
Solid foods are needed around
6 mos
Infants have birth stores of these vitamins
Vitamin A, D, iron, iodine B12, folic acid
Calcium
Stores of iron of full-term infants are sufficient until
Third-fifth month of life
How to calculate for energy requirements of infants
0-3 mos: 89 kcal x kg + 75
4-6 mos: 89 kcal x kg + 44
7-12 mos: 89 kcal x kg -78
High caloric needs of infants are due to
Rapid growth
High metabolic rate (body surface to weight)
Carb needs
Younger infants
60 g /day
Carb needs
Older infant
95 g /day
Protein needs
Younger
9 g
Protein needs
Older
14 g
Half of protein intake should come from
essential AA
Infant needs
Fat
30 g/day
Essential FA should make up about ___% /day
15%
Vital in diet for development of nervous
Fat
2 FA that have very important roles in infant development
Arachidonic acid
Docosahexanoid acid
Routinely given by injeciton to all infants at birth
Vitamin
Vit K
Breast fed infants should be given this vitamin
vit D
Infants whose mothers are total vegetarians should receive
B12
Birth weight doubles
4-6 mos
Fluoride supplements
When
6 months - tooth develipment
Vitamins to support growth
Zinc
Iodide
Lower solute milk
Human milk
Responsible for large and poorly digested curds in stomach
Casein
Higher conc whey
Human milk
Higher lactose content
Human milk
