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Medicine > Anatomy of the Breast > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Breast Flashcards

1
Q

most important fx of the hand

A

pincer-like action of the thumb

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2
Q

blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the breast is largely into the

A

armpit

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3
Q

are small and surrounded by areola

A

nipples

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4
Q

colored area of skin surrounding the nipples

A

areola

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5
Q

the breast tissue consists of a system of ducts embedded in connective tissue that does not extend beyond margin of

A

areola

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6
Q

breast enlarge by the influence of

A

ovarian hormones

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7
Q

increased size of the breast glands is mainly from the

A

deposition of fats

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8
Q

location of the breasts

A

base extends from 2nd to 6th rib

lateral margin of sternum to midaxillary line

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9
Q

the greater part of the mammary gland lies in this layer

A

superficial fascia

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10
Q

this part of the breasts extends upward and laterally, pierces the deep fascia at the lower border of the pectoralis major muscle, and enters the axilla

A

axillary tail

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11
Q

each breast consists of

A

15-20 lobes

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12
Q

the main duct from each lobe (of mammary gland) opens separately on the summit and possesses a ____ just before termination

A

dilated ampulla

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13
Q

the base of the nipple is surrounded by the

A

areola

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14
Q

tiny ____ on the areola are produced by underlying areolar glands

A

tubercles

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15
Q

serve as suspensory ligaments of the breast

A

fibrous septa

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16
Q

separates the lobes of the mammary gland are separated by

A

fibrous septa (suspensory ligaments)

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17
Q

behind the breast

filled by loose connective tissue

A

retromammary space

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18
Q

the atrophy of the mammary gland, after menopause is caused by

A

the absence of ovarian estrogens and progesterone

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19
Q

arteries supplying breasts

A

perforating branches of the ITA (internal thoracic artery) and intercostal arteries
axillary artery - lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial branches

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20
Q

veins supplying the breasts

A

perforating branches of the ITV (internal thoracic veins) and intercostal veins
axillary veins - lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial branches

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21
Q

significance of the lymph drainage of the mammary gland

A

frequent development of cancer and subsequent dissemination of the malignant cells along the lymph vessels to the lymph nodes

22
Q

lateral quadrants of breast drain into

A

anterior axillary or pectoral group of nodes

23
Q

the medial quadrants of the breasts enter the

A

internal thoracic group of nodes (along the course of the internal thoracic artery)

24
Q

lymph drainage of the breast

A

anterior axillary group of nodes
internal thoracic group of nodes
posterior intercostal nodes (along posterior intercostal arteries)

some lymph vessels communicate with LV of the OPPOSITE BREAST and the anterior abdominal wall

25
Q

the milky fluid expressed from the breasts of the newborns due to the maternal hormones that crossed the placental barrier and caused proliferation of the duct epithelium

A

witch’s milk

26
Q

the shoulder girdle consists of the

A

clavicle

scapula

27
Q

clavicle and scapula articulate at the

A

acromioclavicular joint

28
Q

long, slender bond that lies horizontally across the root of the neck just beneath the skun

A

clavicle

29
Q

clavicle articulates what structures medially

A

sternum

1st costal cartilage

30
Q

clavicle articulates this structure laterally

A

scapula

31
Q

breast examination

A
  1. sitting upright, undressed to the waist - symmetry
    - some asymmetry is common as a result of unequal breast development
  2. any swelling should be noted
    - underlying tumor, cyst, abscess formation
  3. nipples - retraction
    - carcinoma - pulling on the lactiferous ducts
  4. lying down - breasts palpated against the underlying thoracic wall
  5. sit up raise both arms above her head - dimpling of skin or retraction of nipple caused by carcinoma
32
Q

radiographic examination of the breast used for screening for benign and malignant tumors and cysts

A

mammography

33
Q

advantage of using mammography

A

lesion measuring few mm in diameter can be detected long before it felt by clinical examination

34
Q

nipples that occur along a line extending from the axilla to the groin, that may or may not be associated with breast tissue
frequently mistaken as warts or moles

A

supernumerary nipple

35
Q

long-standing retracted nipple is usually

A

congenital deformity caused by a failure in the complete development of the nipple

36
Q

clinical significance of fibrous septa

A

if it becomes involved with a scirrhous carcinoma or breast abscess, the septa will be pulled on -> dimpling of skin

37
Q

due to this structure, the infection can remain in one compartment or lobe (of mammary glands)to begin with

A

breast abscess

38
Q

breast abscess should be drained with this type of incision to avoid spreading of infection into neighboring compartments

also minimizes damage to radially arranged ducts`

A

radial incision

39
Q

lymph vessels from the medial quadrants of breast pierce _____ intercostal spaces
drain into ____

A

2nd, 3rd, 4th intercostal spaces
enter thorax
drain into LN along side internal thoracic artery (ITA)

40
Q

lateral quadrant breast

lymph vessels drain into

A

anterior or pectoral group of axillary nodes

lateral -> axillary nodes

41
Q

60% of breast carcinomas occur in this quadrant

A

upper lateral quadrant (60%)

42
Q

if the normal lymphatic pathways by malignant cells or destruction of LV by surgery or radiotherapy
cancer will spread via lymphatic vessels to

A

opposite breast, abdominal cavity,

root of the neck

43
Q

surgery tx

localized cancer of the breast

A

simple mastectomy or lumpectomy
followed by
radiotherapy to the axillary LN and/or hormone therapy

44
Q

localized cancer of breast

early metastases in axillary LN

A

radical mastectomy

45
Q

breast cancer + metastases beyond the LN (thorax etc)

TOC

A

simple mastectomy
radiotherapy
hormone therapy

46
Q

designed to remove the primary tumor + LV + LN that drain the area

removed en bloc : breast, associated structures containing LV and LN

A

radical mastectomy

47
Q

excised mass of radical mastectomy

A

large area of skin overlying the tumor +
nipple +
all breast tissue +
pectoralis major, associated fascia (internal thoracic nodes)
pectoralis minor, associated fascia (axilla nodes)
fat, fascia, LN in axilla +
fascia covering upper part of rectus sheath
serratus anterior
subscapularis
latissimus dorsi

preserved: axillary BV, brachial plexus, nerves to serratus anterior, and latissimus dorsi

48
Q

modified form of radical mastectomy
clinically localized cancer
involves

A

simple mastectomy
pectoral muscles are left intact
axillary LN, fat, fascia removed

(removal of primary tumor, pathologic examination of LN)

49
Q

carcinoma of male breast accounts for ___% of all carcinomas of the breast

A

1%

50
Q

prognosis of breast cancer in male patients

A

poor prognosis

because of the small amount of intervening tissue, the carcinoma cells can rapidly metastasize

Medicine (29 decks)

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