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Medicine > Braddom - Lower Limb Orthotics > Flashcards

Braddom - Lower Limb Orthotics Flashcards

1
Q

device attached or applied to the external surface of the body to improve function, restrict or enforce motion, or support a body segment

A

Orthosis

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2
Q

Lower limb orthoses are indicated to

A

assist gait, reduce pain, decrease weight-bearing, control movement, and minimize progression of a deformity.

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3
Q

knee that has a tendency to hyperextend

A

back knee

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4
Q

lower extremity specifically refers

A

Foot

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5
Q

should be used to refer to the portion of the lower limb between the knee and ankle joints.

A

Leg

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6
Q

between the hip and knee joints.

A

thigh

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7
Q

refers to the thigh, leg, and foot.

A

Lower limb

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8
Q

Suffix ankle

A

Us

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9
Q

Suffix knee

A

Um

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10
Q

Suffix hip

A

A

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11
Q

Hindfoot deformity

A

Valgus

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12
Q

Forefoot deformity

A

Varus

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13
Q

Bowlegged

A

Genu varum

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14
Q

Deformity at the hip

A

Coxa valga

And coxa vara

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15
Q

Calcaneus

A

Os calcis

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16
Q

Equinis deformity

A

Plantar flexion deformity

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17
Q

refers to twisting of a portion of a limb.

A

Torsion

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18
Q

refers to twisting of a portion of a limb that occurs at the joint

A

Rotation

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19
Q

Inrolling

A

Pronation

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20
Q

Outrolling

A

Supination

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21
Q

Taken off orthosis

A

Doffed

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22
Q

Taken on orthosis

A

Donned

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23
Q

examination of the patient after the orthosis is fitted.

A

Checkout

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24
Q

should be pliable so as not to interfere with the normal biomechanics of the foot.

A

Pliable

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25
Q

durable, allow ventilation, and mold to the feet with time.

A

Leather shoes

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26
Q

Tongue part is part of the vamp in

A

Blucher shoe

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27
Q

The quarters overlap the vamp.

A

Blucher

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28
Q

recommended for patients requiring an orthosis because there is more room to don and doff the shoe and the orthosis because of the open throat

A

Blucher

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29
Q

quarters meet at the throat.

A

Bal

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30
Q

vamp is stitched over the quarters at the throat, thereby limiting the ability of the shoe to open and accommodate an orthosis.

A

Bal

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31
Q

have an effect on rotational components of gait

A

Foot orthoses

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32
Q

affect the ground reactive forces acting on the joints of the lower limb.

A

Foot orthoses

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33
Q

most commonly used in over-the-counter orthoses.

A

Soft type

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34
Q

Orthotists usually provide this type of foot orthoses

A

Semirigid

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35
Q

Provide more support

Still shock absorbing

A

Rigid

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36
Q

indicated only for a problem that requires aggressive bracing to control a deformity.

A

Rigid orthosis

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37
Q

To make a custom foot orthosis, the_____ should be placed in a neutral position before casting.

A

subtalar joint

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38
Q

ankle rotation, such as hyperpronation, and it is also the position in which the foot functions best

A

Neutral position subtalar joint

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39
Q

used to treat conditions associated with hyperpronation including pes planus, patellofemoral pain.

A

Subtalar neutral position

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40
Q

also used for difficult orthotic cases where the fiberglass casting itself can be used as a temporary orthosis to determine whether the mold properly controls the deformity.

A

Fiberglass casting

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41
Q

Pes planus

A

Flat foot

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42
Q

Pes planus

Symptomatic relief of pain is obtained by

A

controlling excess pronation of the foot.

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43
Q

can be defined as a rotation of the foot in the longitudinal axis resulting in a lowering of the medial aspect of the foot.

A

Pronation of the foot

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44
Q

involves pronation at the subtalar joint, dorsiflexion at the ankle joint, and abduction of the forefoot at the tarsometatarsal joints.

A

Eversion

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45
Q

The key to controlling excess pronation (of flat foot) is controlling the

A

calcaneus to keep the subtalar joint in a neutral position.

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46
Q

Pes planus can be due to abnormalities such as

A

excessive internal torsion of the tibia (which results in pronation of the foot) or

malalignment of the calcaneus.

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47
Q

It is the i action between the tibia and the foot at the subtalar joint that allows pathology outside the foot to cause inrolling of the foot

A

Pes planus

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48
Q

prevents rotational deformities associated with excessive pronation or supination from occurring

A

Subtalar neutral postion

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49
Q

Elevation of the anteromedial calcaneus exerts an upward thrust against the sustentaculum tali to help prevent

A

inrolling.

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50
Q

The orthosis should extend beyond the _____ to provide better leverage for control of the deformity.

A

metatarsal heads

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51
Q

due to abnormalities such as excessive internal torsion of the tibia (which results in pronation of the foot) or malalignment of the calcaneus.

A

Pes planus

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52
Q

custom-made foot o sis designed to prevent hyperpronation is also referred to as

A

UCBL orthosis (or UCB)

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53
Q

two common mistakes noted in custom foot orthoses.

A

Some Not made by orthotists

some custom foot orthoses do not cup the calcaneus but rather merely serve as a platform to stand on.

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54
Q

Some cases of pes planus are due to ligamentous laxity within the foot.
Mgt

A

medial longitudinal arch support

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55
Q

term for increased medial length to heel) can also offer medial support, particularly for heavier individuals.

A

Thomas heel extension

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56
Q

Runners with pes planus

Mgt

A

purchase a pair of running shoes with a firm medial heel counter as well as shoes with a wide last at the shank

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57
Q

High arched foot

A

Pes cavus

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58
Q

typical complication of pes cavus

A

excess pressure along the heel and metatarsal head areas, which can lead to pain

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59
Q

Pain pes cavus prevented by

A

making the height of the longitudinal support just high enough to fill in the space between the shank of the shoe and the arch of the foot to distribute weight more effectively.

Weight should also be evenly distributed over the metatarsal heads.

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60
Q

Pes cavus

High point

A

Talonavicular joint

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61
Q

Pes cavus
If the tibia is externally rotated (see Figure 15-2), this can give the appearance of an elevated arch as the foot supinates and the lateral aspect of the foot assumes additional weight-bearing responsibility. In these cases a foot orthosis is custom molded with the subtalar joint in a neutral position to prevent excess supination from occurring.

A

In these cases a foot orthosis is custom molded with the subtalar joint in a neutral position to prevent excess supination from occurring.

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62
Q

Metatarsalgia

A

Forefoot Pain

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63
Q

Relief of pain in the forefoot is accomplished by

A

distributing the weight-bearing forces to an area proximal to the metatarsal heads

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64
Q

Forefoot pain

Placed

A

inside the shoe just proximal to the second, third, and fourth metatarsal heads. It should also be just proximal to the lateral aspect of the first metatarsal head and medial to the fifth metatarsal head

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65
Q

recommended for cases in which the foot is too sensitive to tolerate a pad inside the shoe.

A

metatarsal bar

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66
Q

typically 1 ⁄4-inch thick and tapers d tally.

A

Metatarsal bar

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67
Q

The metatarsal bar is typically 1 ⁄4-inch thick and tapers distally. The distal edge should be proximal to

A

the metatarsal heads.

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68
Q

can also be used for forefoot pain a ciated with pes cavus.

A

metatarsal bar

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69
Q

can also be used for metatarsalgia to decrease the force on the metatarsal pad region at push off.

A

rocker bottom

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70
Q

Prevention of forefoot pain should also be emphasized to patients. Patients should avoid shoes with

A

high heels or pointed toes, which place excess stress on the metatarsal heads.

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71
Q

Heel Pain

The painful area can be alleviated by using

A

an orthosis to help distribute weight

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72
Q

can be applied inside the shoe to offer relief in cases of minor discomfort.
Heel pain

A

Rubber heel pads

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73
Q

recommended for cases in which the foot is too sensitive to tolerate a pad inside the shoe and the heel pain is associated with a chronic condition

A

calcaneal bar

Spring - heel set on anterior calcaneus

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74
Q

The calcaneal bar is placed

A

distal to the painful area to prevent the calcaneus from assuming full weight-bearing status.

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75
Q

application of a _____ can also be used to help initiate heel strike anterior and the ground reaction force anterior to the painful calcaneus

Heel pain

A

rocker bottom shoe

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76
Q

A common cause of heel pain along the anteromedial calcaneus

A

plantar fasciitis.

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77
Q

common cause of heel pain along the anteromedial calcaneus is plantar fasciitis. Pain occurs at the

A

attachment site of the fascia along the medial aspect of the heel.

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78
Q

Point tenderness is located over

Heel pain

A

anteromedial calcaneus.

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79
Q

It is common in people who hyperpronate their feet, thereby placing excess stress on the

A

It is common in people who hyperpronate their feet, thereby placing excess stress on the

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80
Q

helps prevent excessive inrolling from occurring and reduces the stress placed along the proximal arch.

A

subtalar joint in a neutral p tion

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81
Q

subtalar joint in a neutral p tion

Heel pain

A

custom-made UCB o sis

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82
Q

conservative treatment

Heel pain

A

of shoes with a firm medial heel counter and a wide shank

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83
Q

additional orthotic intervention for plantar fasciitis is the application of a

prefabricated AFO placed in a few degrees of d ion

A

plantar fascia night splint

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84
Q

is also common in patients with high arches.

A

Plantar fasciitis

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85
Q

For these patients the medial longitudinal arch undergoes marked stress during weight-bearing.

A

Plantar fasciitis is also common in patients with high arches.

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86
Q

result of mechanical stress acting through the plantar fascia onto its origin at the calcaneus and are not the source of the pain

A

Heel spurs related to plantar fasciitis

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87
Q

related to advancing age and are not painful in nature.

A

Inferior heel spurs

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88
Q

Hyperpronating “flat” foot

A

UCBL

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89
Q

Temporary mild to moderate metatarsalgia

A

Metatarsal pad:

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90
Q

Severe metatarsalgia (cannot stand something in shoe) or permanent metatarsalgia (e.g., arthritis)

A

Metatarsal bar to shoe

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91
Q

Temporary use for Achilles tendinitis or plantar fasciitis

A

Heel lift:

92
Q

Fat pad syndrome (heel bruise)

A

Heel cup

93
Q

Osteoarthritis with medial compartment narrowing

A

Lateral heel wedge

94
Q

For a trial basis only

Ankle foot

A

Otc

95
Q

For almost everyone

Ako

A

Plastic

96
Q

For long-term use

A

Custom

97
Q

the patient >250 lb with a hinged AFO

A

Metal

98
Q

Foot drop

Tx

A

Custom solid (flexible) AFO set at 90 degrees:

99
Q

Plantar spasticity

A

Custom solid (rigid) AFO set at 90 degrees:

100
Q

Hinge Indications

A

Significant mediolateral instability at subtalar joint but patient with ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion (rare)

• Tight plantar flexors in spastic patients with improving lower limb function (they can take advantage of a more “normal” gait via dorsiflexion from midstance to toe-off, and plantar stretching is therapeutic over this part of the gait cycle)

An active patient with foot drop or plantar flexor spasticity can take advantage of the hinged feature during stair climbing, rising from sit to stand, frequent walking, etc.

101
Q

Kafo

Most common; always used unless posterior offset is indicated

A

Straight set:

102
Q

Patient with weak knee extensor triad ( riceps, plantar flexors, and hamstrings)

A

Posterior offset:

103
Q

A two-joint system that theoretically simulates femur-tibia translation; standard on most sport orthoses for the above marketing purpose; no clear-cut indications

A

Polycentric

104
Q

Most common. Knee locks

A

Ratchet lock

105
Q

be difficult to pull up after “settling in” from walking

A

Drop lock:

106
Q

Bulkier and less desirable then the drop locks for most patients but necessary for those without fine hand control

A

Bail lock:

107
Q

Used to lock an unstable knee in extension, but they are adjusted to account for knee flexion contractures

A

Dial lock:

108
Q

Allows flexion and extension hip

A

Std

109
Q

Permits flexion and extension but also permits abduction to allow self-catheterization of the urinary bladder and seating in a hip-flexed and abducted position

A

Abduction

110
Q

help some causes of Achilles pain by decreasing the amount of stretch placed on the Achilles tendon (by keeping the ankle joint plantar flexed)

A

Heel lifts

111
Q

insertion of the tendon into the periosteum of the calcaneus.

A

Achilles enthesitis

112
Q

For Achilles enthesitis, a heel lift is meant to be used for weeks—not months—to prevent the development

A

plantar flexion contracture

113
Q

can also be helpful for treating plantar flexion spasticity or contracture by increasing the total heel height to help ensure that the patient has a heel strike before toe touch during gait.

A

heel lift

114
Q

True leg length is measured from

A

distal tip of the anterior superior iliac spine to the distal tip of the medial malleolus

115
Q

Apparent leg length is measured from

A

midline point such as the pubic s sis or umbilicus to the distal tip of each malleolus.

116
Q

can be abnormal in cases in which the true leg length is normal but pelvic obliquity is present secondary to conditions such as scoliosis, pelvic fracture, or muscle imbalance.

A

Apparent leg length

117
Q

can be used for conservative treatment of osteoarthritis when medial compartment narrowing is present.

A

Lateral heel wedges

118
Q

The heel wedges used are 1 ⁄4-inch thick along the lateral border and taper medially.

A

Lateral heel wedges

119
Q

stay on a child’s foot better than a low-cut shoe and is recommended during the first few years of life.

A

high quarter or three-quarter shoe

120
Q

Pedia

To facilitate_____a heel should not be present.

A

gait

121
Q

r mended to permit the natural development of feet

A

Soft soles

122
Q

most commonly prescribed lower limb o ses.

A

Ankle-Foot Orthoses

123
Q

formerly known decades ago as short leg braces.

A

most commonly prescribed lower limb o ses.

124
Q

are relatively c indicated in children because the weight of the brace can cause external tibial rotation

A

Metal AFOs

125
Q

now most common in all age-groups.

Afo

A

Plastic AFOs

126
Q

can be used effectively to control ankle motion.

A

Metal or plastic AFOs

127
Q

AFOs should provide _____ as a safety feature.

A

mediolateral stability

128
Q

AFO influence the ff mechanics of gait

A

amount of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, movements at the subtalar joint

129
Q

supination at the subtalar joint, adduction at the tarsometatarsal joints, and plantar flexion at the ankle joint, which results in the foot being in an equinovarus position

A

Inversion

130
Q

includes pronation at the subtalar joint, abduction of the forefoot at the tarsometatarsal joints, and dorsiflexion at the ankle joint, resulting in the foot being in a valgus position

A

Eversion

131
Q

R tion at the subtalar joint is also accompanied by ________ of the tibia

A

rotation

132
Q

can also stabilize the knee during gait.

A

AFO

133
Q

prescribed for conditions affecting knee stability, such as genu recurvatum.

A

AFO

134
Q

should be considered for c ditions affecting the knee, particularly when a concurrent problem exists at the ankle or subtalar joints.

A

Afo

135
Q

plantar flexion creates

A

Knee extension

136
Q

Plantar dorsiflexion creates

A

Knee flexion moment

137
Q

Morbidly obese patients can require more if not all _____ for durability and subtalar joint stability.

A

metal componentry

138
Q

better stabilization of the ankle during the gait cycle.

A

Metal afo

139
Q

consists of a proximal calf band, two uprights, ankle joints, and an attachment to the shoe to anchor the AFO

A

Metal afo

140
Q

Metal afo

The calf band should be 1 inch below the fibular neck to prevent a

A

compressive common peroneal nerve palsy

141
Q

used to close the calf band, because it provides ease of closure for patients with only one functional upper limb.

A

leather strap with Velcro

142
Q

U-shaped metal piece p nently attached to the shoe

A

solid stirrup

143
Q

Its two ends are bent upward to articulate with the medial and lateral ankle joints

A

solid stirrup

144
Q

Solid stirrup

The sole plate can be extended beyond the metatarsal head area for conditions requiring a longer lever arm for better control of

A

plantar flexion

145
Q

Has sole plate with two flat channels for insertion of the uprights.

A

Split stirrup

146
Q

allows removal of the uprights from the shoes so that the AFO can be worn with other shoes

A

split stirrup

147
Q

not as stable as the solid stirrup, and the metal uprights can pop out,

A

split stirrup

148
Q

Limits plantar flexion

A

Posterior

Pin

149
Q

Assists dorsiflexion

A

Posterior

Spring

150
Q

Limits dorsi flexion

A

Anterior

Pin

151
Q

Assists plantar flexion

A

Anterior

Spring

152
Q

Ind
Plantar spasticity, toe

drag, pain with ankle motion

A

Posterior

Pin

153
Q

Flaccid footdrop, knee hyperextension

A

Posterior

Spring

154
Q

Weak plantar flexors,

weak knee extensors, pain with ankle motion

A

Anterior

Pin

155
Q

has not been d onstrated to be of clinical value.

A

spring in the anterior channel

156
Q

are the most commonly used AFOs because of their cost, cosmesis, light weight, interchangeability with shoes, ability to control varus and valgus deformities, provision of better foot support with the customized foot portion, and ability to achieve what is offered by the metal AFO

A

Plastic AFOs

157
Q

ankle and subtalar joints can be made more stable under four circumstances:

A

extend the trim line more anteriorly at the ankle level (a trim line is the anterior border of the plastic AFO); (2) make the plastic material thicker; (3) place carbon inserts along the medial and lateral aspects of the ankle joint; and (4) incorporate corrugations within the posterior leaf of the AFO.

158
Q

allow full or partial ankle motion

A

Ankle hinges

159
Q

should be considered when complete restriction of ankle motion is not required

A

Ankle hinges

160
Q

Hinging an AFO adds

A

mediolateral stability. C

161
Q

for a patient with s ity with a tendency toward inversion, or for a patient with multiplanar ankle and subtalar flaccidity accompanying a foot drop with a history of twisting the ankle.

A

hinged AFO f

162
Q

X The leg component should encompass __ of the leg and should be padded along its internal surface

A

three quarters

163
Q

Afo]

The proximal extent should end______ to prevent a compressive common peroneal nerve palsy.

A

1 inch below the fibular neck

164
Q

are commonly used for foot drop

A

Solid AFOs set at 90 degrees

165
Q

Genu recurvatum can also be treated with a

A

solid AFO.
he more rigid the AFO, the greater the flexion moment at the knee at heel strike, which helps reverse the extension moment at the knee associated with genu recurvatum.

166
Q

An equinovarus (or inversion) deformity is controlled by applying forces

Varus

A

medially at the metatarsal head area and calcaneus.

The next force is applied more proximally along the lateral aspect of the fibula. T

helps prevent inversion at the subtalar and ankle joints

167
Q

is applied to provide stabilization of the leg portion of the plastic AFO by providing an opposing force to the fibular area

A

proximal medial tibial force

168
Q

uses the patellar tendon and the tibial condyles to partially relieve weight-bearing stress on skeletal structures distally, with more weight-bearing distributed along the medial tibial condyle.

A

patellar tendon–bearing (PTB) AFO

169
Q

PTB is a misnomer for this orthosis because only about _____of the weight is distributed along the patellar tendon and the medial tibial condyle.

A

10%

170
Q

are often prescribed for diabetic ulcerations of the foot, tibial fractures, and relief of the weight-bearing surface in painful heel conditions such as calcaneal fractures, postoperative ankle fusions, and avascular necrosis of the foot or ankle.

A

PTB AFOs

171
Q

A custom-molded PTB AFO can reduce weight-bearing in the affected foot by up to___

A

50%.

172
Q

indicated when maximum weight-bearing reduction is necessary to ensure proper healing (such as in a debrided diabetic heel ulcer) and reduction of pain

A

Custom-made PTB AFOs

173
Q

orthosis serves two purposes: pressure relief and contracture prevention

A

pressure relief AFO

174
Q

Pressure Relief Ankle-Foot Orthoses achieved

A

Pressure relief is achieved at the heel by completely eliminating weight-bearing with the heel cut out, and also by using a hinged lever arm posteriorly that can be adjusted medially or laterally to prevent medial or lateral malleolar pressure sore development. This should be applied on the immobilized or motionless affected lower limb at all times while in bed.

175
Q

frequently used in demented patients with hip fractures who do not have much lower limb mobility,
patients with a stroke who have dense h plegia.

A

PRAFO

176
Q

three most common physiatric AFO prescriptions are those for

A

foot drop, plantar spasticity, and lumbar s nal cord injury

177
Q

most common AFO prescription for foot drop i

A

nonhinged p tic AFO set in a few degrees of dorsiflexion with a posterior trim line.

posterior leaf spring AFO. T

178
Q

posterior leaf spring AFO. The few degrees of dorsiflexion ensures foot clearance during t

A

swing phase of gait.

179
Q

avoidance of hinging not only minimizes bulk,

A

practical standpoint it keeps the mediolateral dimension of the AFO narrow to best accommodate a variety of shoes and pants.

180
Q

significant subtalar joint instability (e.g., a patient with a history of inversion injuries and falling

A

hinged plastic AFO with metal double-action ankle joints (see Figure 15-10) with springs in the posterior channels (dorsi-assist) would provide mediolateral stability yet also permit plantar flexion.

181
Q

can also provide mediolateral stability for the patient with foot drop.

A

hinged midline posterior stop AFO

182
Q

most common AFO prescription for plantar s ticity is

A

either a hinged custom plastic AFO with a single midline posterior stop or a hinged custom plastic AFO with pins in the posterior channels to provide plantar stop 90 degrees.

183
Q

s nificant inversion deformity is still present after all other medical treatment measures to manage the spasticity have been exhausted.

A

hinged custom plastic AFO with pins in the posterior channels to provide plantar stop 90 degrees

184
Q

as a preferred AFO for an active p ric population with lower limb spasticity.

A

hinged AFOs with plantar stops at neutral (90 degrees) a

185
Q

most common lumbar spinal cord injury AFO p scription

A

bilateral custom plastic ground reaction ( rior tibial shell closing) AFOs fixed in 10 degrees of plantar flexion. T

186
Q

help create knee extension moments with weight-bearing to add stability to the knees during ambulation

A

anterior tibial shell closing and 10 degrees of plantar flexion

187
Q

were formerly referred to decades ago as long leg braces.

A

Knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFOs)

188
Q

used in patients with severe knee e sor and hamstring weakness, structural knee instability, and knee flexion spasticity.

A

KAFOs

189
Q

p vide stability at the knee, ankle, and subtalar joints during ambulation. They are most commonly prescribed bilaterally for patients with spinal cord injuries and unilaterally for patients with polio.

A

KAFO

190
Q

three stabilizers to the knee:

A

quadriceps, the h strings (via eccentric activation at heel strike), and the plantar flexors (plantar flexion creates a knee extension moment)

191
Q

no quadriceps function

A

complete femoral neuropathy (

192
Q

preventing lower limb contractures, enhancing cardiovascular fitness, maintaining upper body strength for activities of daily living, delaying the development of osteoporosis, and decreasing the risk for medical complications, such as deep venous thrombosis.

A

KAFOs

193
Q

is a reliable indicator of which spinal cord–injured patients can achieve ambulation status.

A

proprioceptive

194
Q

often complements the use of a w chair for ambulation.

A

KAFOs

195
Q

also important in predicting the ability to ambulate.

A

level of the spinal cord injury

196
Q

generally are not f tional ambulators because of the metabolic cost involved

A

Adult spinal cord–injured patients with lesions at or above T12 g

197
Q

have a higher center of gravity and can have a f tional gait with a higher spinal cord lesion

A

Children

198
Q

is a predictor of the quality of ambulation.

A

Muscle function

199
Q

Some patients with paraplegia, such as those with lower lumbar lesions with some knee extensor strength, are able to ambulate without KAFOs. Ambulation in these patients can often be accomplished with the use of

A

bilateral plastic ground reaction AFOs (see Figures 15-11 and 15-16) with the ankles fixed in 10 to 15 degrees of plantar flexion.

200
Q

provides rotation about a single axis

Kj

A

straight-set knee joint

201
Q

free flexion but prevents hyperextension.

Kj

A

straight-set

202
Q

It is often used in combination with a drop lock, which keeps the knee in extension throughout all phases of gait for further stability.

A

straight-set

203
Q

uses a double-axis system to simulate the flexion-extension movements of the femur and tibia at the knee joint

A

polycentric knee joint

204
Q

It is p scribed for patients with weak knee extensors and some hip extensor strength

A

posterior offset knee joint

205
Q

allows free flexion and extension of the knee during the swing phase of gait and helps keep the orthotic ground reactive force in front of the knee axis for stability during stance.

A

posterior offset knee joint

206
Q

n mally posterior to the knee at heel strike, creating a flexion moment at the knee, which requires quadriceps and hamstring muscle contraction to counteract this force.

A

center of gravity

207
Q

are used to provide complete stability at the knee. T

A

Knee locks

208
Q

has recently become the most c monly prescribed knee lock

A

ratchet

209
Q

catching mechanism that operates in 12-degree increments

A

ratchet

210
Q

provides the easiest method of simultaneously unlocking the medial and lateral knee joints of a KAFO

A

The bail lock

211
Q

is used to stabilize the knee in varying amounts of flexion (Figure 15-27). It can be adjusted in 6-degree increments and is more precise for the management of a knee with a flexion contracture than a KAFO with ratchet locks. Its uses include helping prevent progression of a flexion contracture or assisting with the gradual reduction of a flexion contracture.

A

dial lock

212
Q

was designed to provide the patient with paraplegia who has a complete lesion at L1 or higher, with a more functional and comfortable gait

A

Scott-Craig orthosis

213
Q

The knee orthosis (KO) known as a Swedish knee cage (Figure 15-29) is used to control minor to moderate genu recurvatum caused by ligamentous or capsular laxity.

A

Swedish Knee Cage

214
Q

limiting f tor regarding this knee orthotic prescription is the

A

patient’s weight

215
Q

preferred first-line orthotic treatment for osteoarthritis of the knee. (See Osteoarthritis of the Knee in the Foot Orthoses section

A

foot orthosis with a l eral buildup

216
Q

is used to allow protected motion within defined limits. 36 It is useful for postoperative and conservative management of knee injuries, and is most commonly applied postoperatively for anterior cruciate ligament–reconstructed knees (Figure 15-31) and patellofemoral pain syndrome.*

A

Rehabilitative knee bracing

217
Q

is designed to assist or p vide stability for the unstable knee

A

Functional knee bracint

218
Q

are used most commonly to stabilize a laterally subluxing patella or an anterior cruciate l ment–deficient knee

A

Functional knee bracing

219
Q

is used for children with a developmental delay in ambulatory skills, and it serves as an initial mobility aid.

A

caster cart

220
Q

was also referred to in the past as a swivel orthosis

A

parapodium

221
Q

allows crutchless gait

A

parapodium

222
Q

hip-guided orthosis

A

reciprocating gait orthosis (RGO

223
Q

bilateral hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis (HKAFO).

A

Reciprocating Gait Orthosis

224
Q

children who have used the standing frame, developed good trunk control and coordination, can safely stand, and are mentally prepared for ambulation

A

RGO

225
Q

It is useful for hemiplegic and ataxic patients.

A

walker

Medicine (29 decks)

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