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Command Qual Exam > Bowditch > Flashcards

Bowditch Flashcards

1
Q

Define Dead Reckoning

A

Determining a position by advancing a known position based on course and speed

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2
Q

Define Piloting navigation

A

Navigating in restricted waters with frequent and constant positions to nearby geographic and hydrographic features

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3
Q

What is a great circle?

A

A line of intersection of a sphere and a plane through its center. A great circle represents the shortest distance on a sphere.

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4
Q

What is a meridian?

A

Line of longitude - a great circle that passes through both poles

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5
Q

What is a parallel?

A

Line of attitude - a small circle (except equator, which is a great circle)

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6
Q

What is a Rhumb Line?

A

Measure of distance of navigation. A line from point A to B that crosses all meridians at the same angle

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7
Q

What are small scale charts used for?

A

Route and voyage planning

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8
Q

What are sailing charts?

A

The smallest scale charts, generally about 1:600,000 or smaller. Used for long range DR, voyage planning, etc

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9
Q

Where can you find descriptions and definitions of chart symbols?

A

Chart number 1

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10
Q

What is the difference between italicized and non-italicized fonts on a chart?

A

Non-italicized indicates that the feature is dry at high tide - it is not affected by the water level. Italicized features are either floating or underwater at high tide.

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11
Q

What feature on charts typically are shaded in blue tint?

A

Shoal water

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12
Q

What is a Sounding Datum?

A

A reference level that all depths are based off of charts

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13
Q

What is the Sounding Datum used for US and Puerto Rican Charts?

A

Mean Lower Low Water

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14
Q

What does a wreck circled by a dashed line indicate?

A

The wreck is less than 11 Fathoms

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15
Q

What color is a TSS on a chart?

A

Magenta

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16
Q

What is the difference between the List of Lights and the Light List?

A

List of Lights is for International waters, Light List is for the US

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17
Q

What is the Luminous Range of a light?

A

The distance at which a light can be seen under existing visibility conditions. It ignores the curvature of the earth, height of eye, height of the light, and background lighting

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18
Q

What is the Nominal Range of a light, and where is it listed?

A

The Nominal Range is the distance a light can be seen with 10 NM visibility range. It is listed in the Light List.

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19
Q

Where can you find detailed information about ports world wide?

A

The NIMA World Port Index

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20
Q

A closed drawbridge is marked by what color lights?

A

Red

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21
Q

What is an occulting light?

A

The duration of light is always GREATER than the duration of dark - it flashes OFF

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22
Q

What is a flashing light?

A

The duration of light is always LESS than the duration of dark - it flashes ON (Less than 50 flashes/minute)

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23
Q

What is an Isophase light?

A

Duration of light and dark are equal

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24
Q

What is a Quick Flashing Light?

A

A light for which a flash is regularly repeated at a rate between 50 to 80 flashes per minute.

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25
Q

What is a sector light?

A

Changes color based on the angle it is being viewed from - red usually means the ship is sailing into danger

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26
Q

What action should be taken if a light is not operating as prescribed?

A

It should be immediately reported to the nearest Coast Guard Station

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27
Q

What is IALA “A”?

A

Green buoys are on the right side when returning to port

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28
Q

What is IALA “B”?

A

Red Right Returning

29
Q

What is a Cardinal Mark used for?

A

Points to the direction of safe water - for example, you should sail to the North of a North Cardinal Marked Buoy

30
Q

How is a North Cardinal Buoy marked?

A

Two cones, both pointing up

31
Q

How is a South Cardinal Buoy marked?

A

Two cones, both pointing down

32
Q

How is a West Cardinal Buoy marked?

A

Two cones, apes touching (Looks like a wineglass - West = Wineglass)

33
Q

How is an East Cardinal Buoy marked?

A

Two cones, bases touching

34
Q

What is Variation?

A

Angular difference between magnetic and geographic meridians

35
Q

Where is the amount of Variation found?

A

Pilot charts or on the compass rose on the chart

36
Q

What is Deviation?

A

The amount of deflection of the ships magnetic compass from the magnetic meridian, caused by the ships magnetic signature

37
Q

What is the sum of deviation and variation called?

A

Compass error

38
Q

How much distance does 1 minute of latitude equal?

A

1 NM

39
Q

What is Set and Drift?

A

Set is the direction being pushed by the current, Drift is the distance pushed

40
Q

What must be highlighted on a chart prior to entering port?

A

The minimum depth contour

41
Q

What is the formula to determine a ship’s minimum operating depth?

A

Minimum depth = Draft - Height of Tide + Safety Margin + Squat

42
Q

What features should be circled and labeled on charts prior to entering port?

A

Navaids to be used

43
Q

What three logs are required to be kept on the bridge while piloting?

A

Fathometer Log, Bearing Book, and Deck Log

44
Q

How often should visual fixes be taken in restricted waters?

A

Not more than 3 minutes

45
Q

What should be calculated at every fix while piloting in restricted waters?

A

Set and Drift

46
Q

What is the hazard of anchoring in water that is too deep?

A

The anchor may drag

47
Q

What is the preferred bottom type for anchoring?

A

Mud or sand

48
Q

How much anchor chain should be let go?

A

5-7 times the depth of the water

49
Q

How often should fixes be taken immediately after anchoring to determine if the anchor is holding or dragging?

A

Every three minutes for the first 30 minutes

50
Q

If the anchor is holding, what is the maximum interval of fixes to be taken while at anchor?

A

No more than 30 minutes

51
Q

What is a semi-diurnal tide?

A

2 high and 2 low tides per day

52
Q

What is a diurnal tide?

A

1 high and 1 low tide per day

53
Q

What is a spring tide?

A

When the sun, moon, and earth line up and results in greater range of tides

54
Q

What is a neap tide?

A

When the sun is at a right angle to the moon, resulting in lower range of tides

55
Q

What is a tidal datum?

A

Average tide level from which heights of tide and overhead clearances are measured

56
Q

What direction do oceanic currents flow in?

A

CW in the northern Hemisphere, CCW in the southern

57
Q

What is the difference between slack water and stand water?

A

Slack is no change in current, stand is no change in the tide

58
Q

Direction and speed of the current are referred to as what?

A

Set is the direction, drift is the speed

59
Q

What is the difference between an ECS and an ECDIS?

A

ECS is an electronic chart system, not designed to satisfy regulation for SOLAS - only an aid. An ECDIS does satisfy these requirements, and can be used as a chart replacement

60
Q

Who is required to produce all Navy ECDIS-N charts, and in what format?

A

NIMA, in Vector format

61
Q

What system is ECDIS-N contained in?

A

NAVSSI

62
Q

What are three main functions of NAVSSI?

A
  1. Deliver navigation info to nav team members
  2. Weapons systems inputs
  3. Battlegroup planning
63
Q

Who is responsible for establishing TSS’s?

A

The International Maritime Organization (IMO)

64
Q

What is the international signal to tell a vessel they are not operating IAW the TSS?

A

YG

65
Q

What band does AIS use?

A

VHF

66
Q

What is an early indication of a tropical cyclone?

A

Long swells decreasing from 8 per minute to 4 per minute

67
Q

What type of clouds precede a cyclone?

A

Cirrus

68
Q

How can you tell the direction of the center of a cyclone?

A

Swells come from the center, and cirrus clouds converge at the center

Command Qual Exam (14 decks)

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