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John Alanis Certified Sommelier > Bordeaux > Flashcards

Bordeaux Flashcards

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1
Q

INAO

A

Institut National des Appellations d’Origine

Created in 1935

Regulates AOC’s

Became L’institut National de Origin et de la Qualitie in 2007

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2
Q

AOP

A

Appellation d’Origine de Protecta

Brought AOC System in line w/EU standard

Producers may use both AOC or AOP on labels

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3
Q

Vin De Pays

A

Regional wines- 1/3 of French production are released as Vin De Pays

Less restrictive than AOP’s

Subject to tasting panel

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4
Q

Vin De France

A

Formerly known as Vin De Table

Became Vin de France in 2009

Both vintage and variety my appear on the label

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5
Q

French Wine Classifications

A

From Highest to lowest

AOC/AOP

Vin De Pays/Indication Geographique Protegee IGP)

Vin De France (table wine)

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6
Q

Wine Styles of Bordeaux

A

Red, white, Rose, Sweet, Sparkling

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7
Q

Dutch in Bordeaux

A

Created drainage channels called Jalles in mid 1600’s

Drained wetlands exposing gravel Croupes, made Bordeaux suitable for viticulture

Trade with the English grew rapidly, the English loved Clairet

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8
Q

Negociant

A

Intermedianary who bought fruit or wine to age in cellars before bottling and selling

Many own properties today while also acting as a Negociant

Influence faded after WWII and Domain bottling

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9
Q

Courtiers

A

Brokers of wine and financial backers of Chateaus

Gained control over wine trade

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10
Q

En Priemeur

A

“In youth”

Futures sold by Chateaus for new vintages delivered after bottling, a form of buying cash flow

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11
Q

Bordeaux Climate

A

Moderate Maritime

Atlantic Ocean and Gironde Estuary are moderating influences

Rain year round

Becomes more continental toward Right Bank

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12
Q

Fungal Problems in Bordeaux

A

Wet Spring and humidity cause mold and rot

Grey rot can destroy fruit in cooler years

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13
Q

Coulore

A

Fruit falling off vines, caused by Spring frost

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14
Q

Millerandage

A

Irregular flowering and fruit set in vineyard

Caused by Spring frost

Reduces yield

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15
Q

Bordeaux Mixture

A

Lime, water, and Copper Sulfate, kills Grey Rot

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16
Q

Vintage Variation

A

Caused by variable Bordeaux climate year to year

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17
Q

Stand Bordeaux AOP

A

Red, white, rose or clairet

Dry whites labelled “Sec”

Base level of quality, produced throughout Bordeaux

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18
Q

Bordeaux AOP Red Grape

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc
Petit Verdot
Malbec
Carmenere

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19
Q

Assemblage

A

The blend of the wine
Comes from different soils and different ripening of the grapes

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20
Q

Merlot Soil

A

Best in clay which delays natural vigor

Earliest to ripen

Most planted grape in Bordeaux

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21
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon Soil

A

Well drained gravel leads to moderate water stress aiding concentration of flavors in the fruit

Vines root system digs deep

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22
Q

Cabernet Franc Soil

A

Limestone based soils

Promotes acidity and adds freshness to wines

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23
Q

Encepagement

A

Proportion of different grapes planted in the vineyard

Different grape varieties harvested at different times

Acts as a form of insurance against bad weather

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24
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon influence on wine

A

Highly pigmented, tannic

Adds structure, power, longevity

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25
Q

Merlot influence on wines

A

Adds fleshy, juicy texture

Softens austerity of Cab Sauv

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26
Q

Cab Franc influence on wines

A

Imparts herbal spice and red fruit aromatics to blend

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27
Q

Cremant de Bordeaux

A

Sparkling red wine, mainly Merlot with Cab Franc

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28
Q

Haut Benauge

A

Subzone of Bordeaux AOP for white wines

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29
Q

Bordeaux Superieur AOP

A

Red, Off Dry to Sweet White wines

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30
Q

Premiere Cotes de Bordeaux AOP

A

Sweet wines only

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31
Q

Left Bank Blend Proportions

A

Cab Sauv- 70%
Merlot/Cab Franc 25%
Petit Verdot 5%
Sometimes Malbec, no Carmenere

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32
Q

Right Bank Blend Proportions

A

Merlot- 75%
Cab Franc 25%
Some Cab Sauv, Malbec

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33
Q

Pressac

A

Name for Malbec in Right Bank

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34
Q

Bordeaux AOP White Blend

A

Semillon/Sauv Blanc
Muscadelle
Sauv Gris too, but not widely planted

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35
Q

Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc, Colombard

A

Restricted to max 30% of blend in Bordeaux AOP

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36
Q

White Wine Character in Bordeaux AOP

A

Sauv Blanc- pungency, high acid, citrus flavor
Semillon- offsets sharpness of Sauv Blanc, adds body
Oak rounds the wine
Best whites are creamy/waxy with notes of honey and beeswax

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37
Q

Oak usage in Bordeaux

A

Bordeaux AOP age wine in oak, only in large barrels for a short time

Top red Chateaus- up to two years in 225L barriques, a large % is new oak

White wines from top Graves estates, aged in new oak for 12-16 months

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38
Q

Bordeaux Superior AOP

A

Red and off dry whites with a higher minimum % ABV

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39
Q

Cremant de Bordeaux AOP

A

-Traditional Method Sparkling wine
-Mainly from red grapes, some white
-Rose is from red varietals only
-Must go through second fermentation
-9 months on lees

40
Q

Second Wine of Chateau Haut Brion

A

Le Clarence De Haut Brion

41
Q

2nd Wine of Chateau Lafite Rothschild

A

Carruades de Lafite Rothschild

42
Q

Second Wine of Chateau Latour

A

Le Forts de Latour

43
Q

Second Wine of Chateau Margaux

A

Pavillion Rouge de Chateau Margaux

44
Q

Second Wine of Chateau Mouton Rothschild

A

Le Petits Mouton de Mouton Rothschild

45
Q

First vineyard in Bordeaux

A

Pape Clement in Graves, 1305

46
Q

Graves Soil

A

Gravel in the north, becoming boulbenes toward the south (sand, light clay and gravel mixture)

47
Q

Graves Classification

A

Chateau Haut Brion retains First Growth status
-First classified in 1953 with six additional wines added in 1954
-13 Cru Classe for red
-9 Cru Classe for white

48
Q

Pessoc Leognan AOP

A

-created in 1987 in N Graves
-prestige appellation for red and dry white, sidelined S Graves
-Cru Classe properties are located in: Pessac, Leognan, Cadaujac, Carejan, Gradignan, Martillac, Merignac, Sait Medaid-d’Eyrons, Talence, Villenave-d’Ornon

49
Q

Graves Superieur AOP

A

-Sweet whites
-Cerons, Barsac, Sauternes
-Sauternes produces best sweet wines in the world
-Sauv Blanc, Semillon, Muscadelle
-Botrytis infected, “pourriture noble”

50
Q

Medoc AOP

A

Covers entire wine producing Left Bank of Gironde Estuary, 50 mile stretch north from city of Bordeaux

Mostly marshy regions of St Estephe, Bas Medoc

51
Q

Jalles

A

Drainage channels in the Medoc created by the Dutch that prevent the Medoc from reverting to swampland

52
Q

Medoc AOP styles

A

-AOP wines must be red
-Merlot is grown in high proportion due to clay soils
-Usually no new oak

53
Q

Haut Medoc AOP

A

-Narrow corridor on Left Bank of Gironde river in S Medoc

-well drained gravel soils, Cab Sauv is best here

-Croupes- gravel mounds uncovered by the Dutch

54
Q

Classification of 1855

A

-Left Bank only
-61 Classified Chateaus
-Commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III, carried out by Courtiers
-Top properties ranked by price and sales volum

55
Q

Only change to 1855 Classification

A

Chateau Mouton Rothschild was elevated from Second Growth to First Growth in 1973

56
Q

Cru Artisan

A

In use for 150 years, recognized in 2002

-rankings updated every 5 years

-small producers (36) recognized for exceptional stewardship of the land, avg 6 hectares each

57
Q

Cru Borgeouis

A

-reinstated in 2008, review every 5 years
-240 chateaus have designation
-14 are Cru Borgeouis Exceptionelle
-56 are Cru Borgeouis Superier
-must go in front of a tasting panel, designation of quality outside 1855 Classification

58
Q

St. Estephe

A

-Sturdy, full bodied reds with slightly higher % of Merlot, “rusti” in character
-No first growths, only 5 Classified Growths
-Chateau Cos d’Esournel, “Super Second”
-Chateau Montrose, 2nd Growth

59
Q

Paulliac AOP

A

-Power and finesse, “iron fist in velvet glove”
-3 First Growths, Lafite Rothschild, Mouton Rothschild, Latour
-2nd Growths: Chateau Pichon Baron de Comtesse de Lalande, Chateau Baron de Longueville Baron
-gravel top soil at its deepest point

60
Q

Chateau Latour Grand Vin Style

A

-wines of brooding depth and concentration

61
Q

Chateau Lafite Rothschild Style

A

Emphasizes aromatics and elegance

62
Q

St Julien AOP

A

-80% of AOP is Cru Classe wine
-No 1st Growths
- two Super Seconds, Leoville Las Casas and Ducru Beaucaillou
-Other 2nd growths- Leoville Barton, Leoville Poyferre, Gruard Larose

63
Q

Listrac Medoc AOP and Moulis en Medoc AOP

A

-no classified growths
-Chateau Chasse Splean in Moulis is most famous estate

64
Q

Classified Growths in Haut Medoc AOP

A

Chateau La Lagune- 3rd Growth

Chateau La Tour-Carnet 4th Growth

Chateau Camensac, Chateau Cantemerle, Chateau Belgrave

65
Q

Character of Barsac and Sauternes wines

A

-intense spiced complexity
-bouquet of honey, saffron, dried fruit, and ginger spice
-sweet, with botrytis character

66
Q

Geography of Sauternes

A

-At confluence of Ciron and Garonne Rivers
-Cooler mist of Ciron encounters warmer Garonne water creating humidity for botrytis
-grapes must be harvested in multiple tries due to uneven ripeness

67
Q

Sauternes Classification

A

-Classified in 1855
-2nd and 1st growths
-Chateau d’Yquem got single classification, Premier Cru Superier

68
Q

Dry wine of Chateau d’Yquem

A
  • “Y” or Ygrec
    -first produced in 1959
    -labelled as “Bordeaux”
69
Q

Sauternes Villages

A

Sauternes, Barsac, Bommes, Preignac, Fargues

70
Q

Chateau Gilette

A

-unclassifed Chateau, makes sweet wine, “Creme de Tete”
-decades long maturation in concrete vat

71
Q

St Emilion Soils

A

-Cotes and Graves
-Cotes: steep limestone slopes
Graves- gravelly limestone plateau

72
Q

Right Bank Grapes

A

Merlot and Cab Franc, mostly
Cab Sauv is rarely used, except for Chateau Figeac

73
Q

St Emilion Classification

A

-first published in 1955
-revised every 10 years (but not really)
-Premier Grand Cru en Classe A
-Premier Grand Cru en Classe B
-Grand Cru en Classe

74
Q

St Emilion Grand Cru AOP

A

-geographic appellation, not a quality classification
-wines labelled as such must show and additional .5% abv, and must undergo longer elevage than St Emilion AOP
-All en Classe wines must meet AOP requirements

75
Q

Pomerol AOP

A

-tiny, just 5 square miles
-1,957 acres of vineyards
-no classifications
-Mostly Merlot and Cab Franc

76
Q

Pomerol Soil

A

Sand, clay, and gravel over iron pan
-Merlot is very successful

77
Q

Margaux AOP

A

-largest appellation of Haut Medoc
-spread through 5 villages: Catenac, Margaux, Arsac, Soussons, Labarde
-21 classified growths
-Chateau Margaux First Growth

78
Q

Character of Margaux wines

A

-feminine wines, floral boquet, exotic character, fresh

79
Q

Chateau Palmer

A

Well known Margaux 3rd growth, better than many second growths

80
Q

2nd Growths of Margaux

A

Brane-Catenac
Dufort Vivens
Lascombes
Rauzan Segla
Rauzan Gassies

81
Q

Wine Character of Pomerol

A

-70-80% Merlot
-20-25% Cab Franc
-Hedonistic, plump, opulent

82
Q

Bouchet

A

Name for Cab Franc in Pomerol

83
Q

Best Chateaus in Pomerol

A

Chateau Petrus
Chateau Trotanoy
Le Pin
Vieux-Chateau-Certan
Chateau LaFleur
Latour a Pomerol

84
Q

Garagiste

A

-“garage wines,” micro Chateau
-Right Bank, produce about 6k bottles each
-Le Pin in Pomerol
Valandraud and La Mondotte in St Emilion

85
Q

Satellite Appellations for St Emilion

A

St Georges-St Emilion
Lussac-St Emilion
Puisseguin-St Emilion
Montagne-St Emilion

86
Q

Pomerol Satellite Appellations

A

Lalande de Pomerol
Canon- Fronsac
Fronsac

87
Q

Oldest Vineyards in Bordeaux

A

Found in Bourg and Cotes de Bourg AOP

88
Q

Cotes de Bourg Style

A

-Most are red
-Chateau Roc de Camdes is best

89
Q

Blaye AOP and Cotes de Blaye AOP Styles

A

-Wines from Blaye are red
-Cotes de Blaye wines have a large % of Colombard and Ugni Blanc in dry whites

90
Q

Cotes de Bordeaux AOP

A

-Started in 2008, mostly red
-cosolidated several existing Bordeaux appellations such as Blaye, Castillon, Francs, Saint Foye
-alternative to luxury priced classified growths

91
Q

Entre Deux Mers AOP

A

-land between two seas
-between Dordogne and Garonne rivers
-produces dry whites
-May use geographic designation Haut Benage

92
Q

Loupiac, St Croix Du Mont, and Cadillac

A

-sweet white wines
-may or may not be affected by Botrytis

93
Q

Premier Cotes de Bordeaux AOP

A

sweet wines only

94
Q

Cotes de Bordeaux- Saint Macaine AOP

A

-South of Loupiac
-may produce white wines in sec, moulleux, or liquoruex style

95
Q

Graves de Vayres AOP

A

-lesser appellation, both white and red wines

96
Q
A

John Alanis Certified Sommelier (22 decks)

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