Books I-XVIII Test Review Flashcards
priest of Apollo who asks Agamemnon to give his daughter back
Chryses
the chief river god who flows through the plain below Troy
Scamander/Xanthus
lowest abyss under the earth - a place of punishment and torment
Tartarus
Ithacan and faithful servant of Odysseus; herald of the Greeks
Eurybates
Greek physician from Thessaly; son of the famous healer, Asclepius
Machaon
king of the Myrmidons; father of Achilles
Peleus
surrogate father to Achilles who was cursed to have no children
Phoenix
prize of Achilles; daughter of Briseus
Briseis
elderly counselor to Priam and the Trojans who is called a “cicada”
Antenor
son of Priam; augur of the Trojans
Helenus
brother of Peleus from Salamis; father of Ajax the Great
Telamon
Achilles’ grandfather; his father, Zeus, made men of ants for him (Myrmidons)
Aeacus
venerable leader of the Pylians and the oldest and wisest Greek chieftan
Nestor
father of Aeneas by Aphrodite
Anchises
grandson of Bellerophon; cousin and squire of Sarpedon
Glaucus
older friend and squire of Achilles; son of Menoetius
Patroclus
main gates of Troy from which non-combatants observe the battles
Scaean Gates
nickname of Hector’s son, Scamandrius, which means “king of the city”
Astyanax
gods’ messenger - especially Zeus’ - who repeats messages verbatim
Iris
son of Nestor; leading fighter from Pylos and friend of Achilles
Antilochus
goddess who tossed a golden apple for the fairest at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis
Discord/Eris
a river of Hades by which the gods swear their most serious oaths
Styx
father of Patroclus
Menoetius
son of Eumedes; scout of the Trojans
Dolon
brother of Death; son of Night
Sleep
Trojan warrior and advisor to Hector
Polydamas
great inventor of Crete who built the labyrinth
Daedalus
king of the Thracians
Rhesus
first Greek to land at Troy; the first Greek to die in the war
Protesilaus
son of Panthous; brother of Polydamas and Hyperenor; wounds Patroclus
Euphorbus
Before divulging any information, Calchas seeks the protection of ___. He says that the pestilence has come because ___.
Achilles; Apollo is angry because Agamemnon has taken the daughter of his priest
Trojans and Greeks lay down their arms as Paris and Menelaus duel for what?
Helen and her wealth
Which Greek does Agamemnon send for to attend to the wound of Menelaus?
Machaon
What characteristic battle formation is used by both Greeks and Trojans?
phalanx
Whom does Helenus hold up as the mightiest of the Greeks?
Diomed
Whom does Hector call a “girl and coward”?
Diomed
What is Teucer’s strenght in battle?
archery
When does Achilles say that he will return to the fight?
when Hector burns his ships
___ is the first Greek to volunteer to spy on the Trojans, and he chooses ___ to go with him. ___ volunteers to spy on the Greeks.
Diomed; Odysseus; Dolon
What do the Trojan spies offer to the Greek spies?
a ransom for his life; to say Hector held conference at the monument of llus; to describe the Trojan camp in detail
Zeus tells Hector to stay out of the fray of battle until whom is wounded?
Agamemnon
The injury Paris inflicts on Machaon is significant for the Greeks for what reason?
he was the main Greek physician
___ first breaches the Greek wall with his bare hands, but ___ is the first to enter the Greek camp using a pointed stone.
Sarpedon; Hector
Who interprets Zeus’ bird sign to the Trojans as meaning that the Trojans might break the Greek wall but will lose many men by the ships.
Polydamas
Idomeneus gives Meriones a what after he had twenty taken from Trojans he killed.
spear
Hera’s plan to keep Zeus out of the fight involved what ?
wooing Zeus; having Sleep put Zeus to Sleep; getting dressed up
What event is Zeus wating for before he will allow the Greeks any glory?
when he sees a burning ship
As the Myrmidons began to turn the tide at the ships, Hector does what?
hides behind his shield; flees in his chariot; leaves the Trojans by the trench
What does Hector do after being chided by Glaucus?
leaves to don Achilles’ armor
Who is on the outermost rim of Achilles’ new shied?
River Oceanus
Achilles brings his mother up from the depth of the sea by ___. He askes her to get Zeus to aid the ___ as a punishment on ___.
weeping; Trojans; Agamemnon
When the Greeks and Trojans first march into battle in the Illiad, ___ immediately jumps in front to challange any enemy soldier to a duel. ___ accepts.
Paris; Menelaus
Helen wants ___ to win the duel. Her heart yearns after ___.
Menelaus; her former husband, her city, and her parents
What outcome to the Trojan War does Zeus prefer?
Zeus would prefer Meneluas to get Helen back and Troy to be left in peace.
Describe three elements of Nestor’s military strategy and explain why it would be effective.
1.) Put chariots in front and have them stay together. 2.) Put brave foot soldiers at the rear. 3.) Put the cowards in teh middle, so they can’t flee the battle.
Hector does not fear death. He does fear for ___. What does Andromache do when Hector leaves?
Andromache
Homer says that Achilles will rejoin the battle when ___.
Patroclus is dead
According to Achilles, what is the paradox of Agamemnon’s actions?
Agamemnon undertook the war to save Helen, and he then took Briseis from Achilles.
Why did Diomed kill the Trojan spy?
he can’t spy on or fight the Greeks
___ tells Patroclus that he should persuade ___ to reenter the fight or send Patroculs in his armor.
Nestor; Achilles
When the bird sign to the Trojans seems unfavorable, Hector says that he will follow what?
the counsels of Zeus rather than a flight of birds
Who is Sarpedon?
a very old mortal; son of Zeus; king of Lycia
When challenged by Idomeneus, Deiphobus calls for ___ because his brother-in-law, Alcathous, has just been killed.
Aeneas
What decision did Euchenor make before coming to the Trojan War?
Euchenor had to decide whether to stay at home, pay a fine, and die of a terrible disease, or go to Troy and be killed in Battle.
After putting Zeus to sleep, ___ takes the news to ___.
Sleep; Poseidon
Who disables Hector with a rock?
Ajax son of Telamon
Forced to return to Olympus by Zeus, Hera tells all of the gods that they can expect what?
ills from Zeus
Ajax is able to defend the Greek ships from the decks of the ships by doing what?
jumping from one ship deck to another with a sea pike in his hand
Achilles warns Patroclus not to pursue the Trojans to Troy for what 2 reasons?
1.) He doesn’t want Patroclus to take his glory. 2.) A god might attack him.
___ convinces Zeus that it is a bad idea to deliver Sarpedon from his fate. What is his fate?
Hera; He is fated to die at Patroclus’ hands
As the battle for Patroclus’ body rages, the immortal horses of Achilles are doing what?
weeping
Why didn’t Achilles immediately come out to defend the body of Patroculs?
He had no armor.
Name the two Achaean warriors who carry the body of Patroclus off the battlefield.
Menelaus and Meriones
Describe the grief of Achilles when he learns of the death of Patroclus.
He pours dust over his head, flings himself to the ground, and tears his hair.
Hector wants to keep the fight at the Greek ships because he wants to do what?
to slay Achilles and win glory for himself
“Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of Zeus fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles first fell out with one another.”
___ made this appeal to ___.
Homer; the Muse
“Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of Zeus fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles first fell out with one another.”
What is the it that the speaker is referring to?
the anger of Achilles
“Young men’s minds are as light as air, but when an old man comes he looks before and after, deeming that which shall be fairest upon both sides.”
Who said this?
Menelaus
“If ever I get home again to set my eyes on my native place, my wife, and the greatness of my house, may someone cut my head off then and there if I do not break the bow and set it on a hot fire - such pranks as it plays me.”
___ said this to ___
Pandarus; Aeneas
“If I stay here and fight, I shall not return alive but my name will live forever: whereas if I go home my name will die, but it will be long ere death shall take me.”
___ said this to ___
Achilles; the embassy/ Phoenix
“If we ransom you or let you go, you will come second time to the ships of the Achaeans either as a spy or as an open enemy, but if I kill you and make an end of you, you will give no more trouble.”
___ said this to ___
Diomed; Dolon
“There is one omen, and one only - that a man should fight for his country.”
___ said this to ___
Hector; Polydamas
“Because heaven has so richly endowed you with the arts of war, you think that you must therefore excel all others in counsel; but you cannot thus claim pre-eminence in all things. Heaven has made one man an excellent soldier; of another it has made a dancer or a singer and player on the lyre; while yet another Zeus has implanted a wise understanding of which men reap fruit to the saving of many, and he himself knows more about it than anyone; therefore I will say what I think will be best.”
___ said this to ___
Polydamas; Hector
“[Zeus] is now on our side and is going against the Argives. Therefore swarm round the ships and fight. If any of you is struck by spear or sword and loses his life, let him die. He dies with honor who dies fighting for his country; and he will leave his wife and children safe behind him, with his house and allotment unplundered if only the Achaeans can be driven back to their own land, they and their ships.”
Who said this?
Hector
“You know no pity; knight Peleus was not your father nor Thetis your mother, but the grey sea bore you and the sheer cliffs begot you, so cruel and remorseless are you”
___ said this to ___
Patroclus; Achillles
“I say further, and lay my saying to your heart, you too shall live but for a little season. Death and the day of your doom are close upon you, and they will lay you low by the hand of Achilles, son of Aeacus.”
These are the dying words of ___.
Patroclus
“Alas! poor wretch, you arm in the armor of a hero before whom many another trembles, and you reck nothing of the doom that is already close upon you. You have killed his comrade so brave and strong, but it was not well that you should strip the armor from his head and shoulders. I do indeed endow you with great might now, but as against this you shall not return from battle to lay the armor of the son of Peleus before Andromache.”
___ muttered this about ___
Zeus; Hector
“At daybreak we will arm and fight about the ships. Granted that Achilles has again come forward to defend them, let it be as he will, but it shall go hard with him. I shall not shun him, but will fight him, to fall or conquer. The god of war deals out like measure to all, and the slayer may yet be slain.”
___ said this to the ___.
Hector; the Trojans
