Booklet 4 - Obstacles To Italian Unity After 1861 Flashcards
How long were French troops deployed in Rome until?
1870
What occurred in 1864 regarding the occupation of French troops in Rome?
French troops agreed to leave Rome if the capital was moved from Turin to Florence
What was the consequence of the movement of the capital in 1864?
Riots in Turin leading to 23 deaths, caused the sacking of PM Minghetti
How can Austria be seen as an obstacle for Italian unity after 1861?
They still maintained a large army in Venetia, however this threat was weakening due to the increasing power of Prussians ( made a free trade treaty with France in 1862 and excluded Austria )
What year did Cavour die?
1861
How many PMs followed Cavour in the next 5 years - 1861-66?
5
Why did this create issues for Italy politically?
Created greater political instability in Italy as they were weaker/ more ignorant, the King lacked support for these new PMs
What % of men had the vote in the 1860s?
2% - these new PMs were unrepresentative of the masses of Italy
What issues did the Death of Cavour 1861 create in Rome?
No-one would now object Garibaldi’s objection to Rome not being unified
What was set up in Rome in 1862, largely due to the death of Cavour in 1861?
The society for emancipation of Rome, lead to attacks on Rome - French troops stayed deployed
What was Piedmontisation?
Piedmont tried to apply it’s political system all over Italy, created 53 provinces
How can Piedmontisation be seen as a failure post 1861?
Piedmont’s systems were unsuitable in the south - showed regional ignorance
Why was Piedmont’s jury system unsuccessful in the south?
Mafia were able to corrupt it
How did Piedmontisation upset religious feelings?
It’s free education system had to be paid for by the Church ( 2382 monasteries were shut down )
How did Piedmontisation also create issues in the north?
Failed promises - I.e Lombardy was promised a constitution
How much land did the Papacy lose as a result of the unification of Italy in 1861?
2/3 of their land
What was created as a result of Papacy’s loss of control in Italy, in 1864?
The Syllabus of Errors
What did the Syllabus of Errors state?
Church retain control of education, religious intolerance to go against this, Church to regain all non-religious power, Church did not accept modernisation
How did the Italian state respond to the Syllabus of Errors?
Increasing taxation on the Church in 1866 and demanded the Church hand over all their property
Where did the Pope move to live in the 1860s to make a dogma of papal infability?
The Vatican
What does a dogma of papal infability mean?
The pope can’t be wrong in what he states, can’t be charged by Italian laws
What did the pope declare himself in Rome in 1870?
A prisoner - showed how the church lost all power/influence
What was the argument against the use of plebiscites for unification?
Some were corrupted ( in Nice some people had no ‘no’ slips ) and some voters didn’t know they were voting for unification
What is an example of ignorance of southern conditions by Piedmont?
The introduction of the Casati Laws ( compulsory education ) in 1859
