Booklet 1/2 - 1848/49 Revolutions

Question 1

What occured in Sicily as a cause for the 1848/49 revolutions?

Answer 1

Cholera outbreak killing 65,000

Question 2

Who inspired growth of liberalism as a cause for the 1848/49 revolutions, and where?

Answer 2

Charles Albert, ‘statuto’ in Piedmont

Question 3

What reforms did Pope Pius IX propose inspiring the 1848/49 revolutions?

Answer 3

Freeing political prisoners, free trade increase with Tuscany

Question 4

What other issues inspired the 1848/49 revolutions?

Answer 4

Increased anti-Austrian feeling, economic issues (harvest failures in 1846/47) increasing social discontent

Question 5

Who were the 1848/49 revolutions against?

Answer 5

Austrian control

Question 6

Why was Charles Albert an inspiration for the 1848/49 revolutions?

Answer 6

People believed he could lead a national revival against the Austrians as part of strongest state (Piedmont)

Question 7

Where did revolutions begin in January 1848?

Answer 7

Sicily and Naples

Question 8

What caused the revolutions in Sicily and Naples?

Answer 8

Cholera outbreak and mistreatment by Ferdinand II

Question 9

Who led uprisings in Naples?

Answer 9

Organised by secret societies, but poor masses (lazzaroni) lead uprisings

Question 10

Why was Ferdinand II forced to listen to demands?

Answer 10

Bourbon army defeated and officials killed

Question 11

What did Ferdinand grant in Naples in February 1848 as a result of the revolutions?

Answer 11

Conservative constitution

Question 12

Where did revolutions occur in March 1848, and what were the results?

Answer 12

Vienna, caused Metternich to resign

Question 13

What occured in Lombardy in 1848?

Answer 13

Tobacco boycotts

Question 14

What were the ‘5 Glorious Days’?

Answer 14

Marches in Milan, 10,000 took part, presented a liberal reform bill to Austria, around 400 died

Question 15

What occured on March 22nd 1848?

Answer 15

Charles Albert declared war on Austria, invaded Lombardy

Question 16

What were the 4 Austrian Fortresses in Italy called?

Answer 16

Quadrilaterals

Question 17

What does Pope Pius IX do on April 29th 1848 which weakens Charles Albert?

Answer 17

Declares he won’t support a war against Austria, causes Charles Albert to lose troops as some Catholic Soldiers refuse to go against the Pope

Question 18

Where did Charles Albert defeat Austria in May 1848?

Answer 18

Goito

Question 19

What issues were the French causing in 1848?

Answer 19

Deployed 30,000 troops of Piedmont border to discourage any attacks on French territory

Question 20

What mistake did Charles Albert make in May 1848?

Answer 20

Refuses to let anyone join the army who doesn’t swear loyalty to him - loses support as people fear a monarchy

Question 21

Where was Charles Albert defeated by Austrians on July 24th 1848?

Answer 21

Battle of Custozza

Question 22

What armistice was signed in August 1848?

Answer 22

Armistice of Salasco

Question 23

What did Ferdinand II do in September 1848?

Answer 23

Sent an army of 20,000 troops to crush constitutional government in Sicily, able to get full power back, nickname King Bomba

Question 24

What happened in November 1848 in Rome?

Answer 24

Anti-Liberal PM Count Rossi murdered, caused the pope to flee Rome

Question 25

What was set up in Rome in February 1849, due to the absence of the pope?

Answer 25

Constitution, aims to set up a Roman republic

Question 26

Charles Albert attempted to re-ignite uprisings in March 1849 - where was he defeated?

Answer 26

Battle of Novara by Austrians

Question 27

How did France get involved in Rome in April 1849?

Answer 27

Louis Napoleon sent 20,000 troops to help the Pope regain control of Rome

Question 28

What occurred on July 3rd 1849?

Answer 28

French were finally able to enter Rome after being held out for 2 months by Garibaldi + men, Pope gained power back

Question 29

What was signed in August 1849, and what were the consequences for Piedmont?

Answer 29

Austria/Piedmont peace treaty, lead to a 65 million franc war reparation to be paid to Austria

Question 30

What were the negative result of the 1848-49 revolutions?

Answer 30

Strengthened Austrian military presence in Italy, lack of working class support

Question 31

What were the positive results to Italy of the 1848-49 revolutions?

Answer 31

Managed to help initiate unification ideas, V.Emmanuel’s kept constitution in Piedmont - increased migration to Piedmont

Question 32

What do the Sicilians declare in April that isn’t very pro Italian Unification?

Answer 32

Sicilian Independence

Question 33

What was the Statuto?

Answer 33

A constitution granted by Charles Albert, King of Piedmont, in 1847.

Question 34

1/3 of Austrian tax revenue came from which two wealthy Italian states?

Answer 34

Lombardy and Venetia

Question 35

What did the ‘Five Glorious Days’ achieve in the short term?

Answer 35

Anti Austrian uprising causes General Radetzky to withdraw and gains an alliance with Piedmont

Question 36

What were the liberal reforms introduced by the Roman republic?

Answer 36

legal reform, slum clearance, ended press censorship, abolished the death penalty, removed church control of education, promised a constitution